tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-44832749717552646862024-03-12T18:34:16.447-07:00Essay meaningnaecethinri1975http://www.blogger.com/profile/01751708885366528339noreply@blogger.comBlogger200125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4483274971755264686.post-88863757651716707152020-08-26T09:40:00.001-07:002020-08-26T09:40:06.452-07:00THE LIFE AND WORKS OF JAMES WELDON JOHNSON EssaysTHE LIFE AND WORKS OF JAMES WELDON JOHNSON James Weldon Johnson was an essayist, negotiator, educator, and editor,who likewise depicted himself as a man of letters and a social equality pioneer. Despite the fact that, he is done living, James Weldon Johnson has left much abouthis commitments to African American writing. Johnson was conceived June 17,1871 in Jacksonville, Florida to James and Helen Louise (Dallied) Johnson. Johnson's dad, James Johnson, was brought into the world a freeman and was of blended family. He was a headwaiter in St. James Hotel. Mr. Johnson taughthis child how to communicate in Spanish as a little youngster. Johnson's mom, Helen Johnson, was brought into the world a liberated person in the West Indies. Mrs. Helen was awoman of French and Black heritage. She was the main dark American to instruct in the province of Florida. Mrs. Helen likewise showed her child to play the guitar(Otfinoski 22). Johnson was brought into the world the second of three youngsters: John Rosamond, otherwise called Rozy, and a sister which kicked the bucket not long after birth (Logan and Winston, James Weldon Johnson 353). He was initially named Johnson James William Johnson, by his folks, yet in 1913, he changed his center name to Weldon (Kranz, James Weldon Johnson 78). Sept 1 Johnson was a knowledgeable man of his time. During his initial not many long periods of school he joined in, Stanton, which offered blacks training up to the eight evaluation. Stanton was outstanding amongst other dark schools in Johnson's old neighborhood. He moved on from Stanton at 16 years old and proceeded to join in an optional school and school at Atlanta University. Johnson went to Atlanta University in Georgia on the grounds that there were no school's past sentence structure school for blacks in Jacksonville, Florida and the college ran an exceptional secondary school program for blacks (23,28). Johnson advanced his instruction at the college accepting that it would teach him more to his greatest advantage of individuals of color (Adams 155). In 1894, Johnson graduated with distinction from Atlanta University accepting his four year certification. He likewise gave the graduation discourse (Kanzs 77-79). During Johnson's lifetime he had numerous vocations helping other people and composing. Johnson was an artist, musician, proofreader, social liberties pioneer, legal advisor, teacher, and negotiator (Metzger et. al. 303). Russell L. Adams, creator of Incredible Negroes Past and Present, expressed, Johnson had an ability for convincing individuals of varying ideological plans to cooperate for a shared objective. . . (Adams 77-79). Sept 2 Taking care of himself through school, Johnson worked in a machine manufacturing plant during school and in the late spring at a provincial school educating in Georgia, which paid a nickel for every understudy, to help pay his way through school (Otfinoski 23). At the point when Johnson moved on from Atlanta University in 1894, he turned down a clinical grant at Harvard to acknowledge a vocation as head at the All- Dark Stanton school in Jacksonville, Florida. While head at Stanton, Johnson visited nearby white schools to analyze the degrees of instruction being educated on the grounds that he felt that every single dark kid in his old neighborhood ought to have the same chance of being shown similar degrees of training. In this way, in doing that he began furtively showing first year recruit classes without the manager's consent. After Johnson educated his director concerning instructing rookie classes, he was intrigued to the point that he chose to extend Stanton to a four-year secondary school for blacks (23). By 1901 Johnson was monetarily and intellectually secure enough from his tune sovereignties he concluded the time had come to leave as head in Jacksonville and dedicate the entirety of his chance to composing. Along these lines, he moved to New York City with his sibling, Rosamond. While in New York City Johnson met a youngster by the name of Effortlessness Nail, the girl of a land specialist, at a party (Tolbert- Sept 3 Rouchaleau 55). On February 3, 1910, Grace Nail turned into the spouse of James Weldon Johnson. Likewise while living in New York, he examined dramatization and writing at Columbia University and graduated in 1905 (Otfinoski 25). Johnson's mom support in perusing, drawing, and tuning in to music truly paid off (Metzger et. Al. 304). He began writing in a dark tongue, impacted by Paul Dunbar, and standard english on racial issues that he was seeing around him (Kranz 78). Johnson had a large number of his sonnets distributed in the Century and the Autonomous magazines. Johnson's first sonnet, Since You Went Away, was distributed in the Century magazine and set up with a good soundtrack by his sibling to turn into a famous melody. Johnson and his sibling additionally composed the melody, Lift Every Voice what's more, Sing, to observe Lincoln's birthday, naecethinri1975http://www.blogger.com/profile/01751708885366528339noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4483274971755264686.post-33316777862740737642020-08-22T07:45:00.001-07:002020-08-22T07:45:17.034-07:00Michel Trudeau Killed by Avalanche in 1998Michel Trudeau Killed by Avalanche in 1998 Michel Trudeau, the 23-year-old child of previous Canadian Prime Ministerà Pierre Trudeauâ and Margaret Kemper and more youthful sibling of current Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau was murdered by a torrential slide in British Columbiasà Kokanee Glacier Parkâ on November 13, 1998. Three different skiers likewise present on the slants were saved by a national park administration helicopter from the common park in the wild zone upper east of Nelson, B.C., where the youthful Trudeau was ventured to have been pushed off the ski trail by the torrential slide and cleared down into Kokanee Lake, where he was accepted to have suffocated. A private remembrance administration for loved ones was hung on Friday, November 20, 1998, in Outremont, Quebec, however his body was never recuperated from the lake. After the Incident About ten months after the torrential slide that killed Michel Trudeau, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (R.C.M.P.) sent a jump group into Kokanee Lake to scan for his body, yet a long winter, cold summer, and snow in the Rockies hampered search endeavors. Prior to starting the pursuit, the R.C.M.P. forewarned that it was conceivable youthful Trudeaus body may never be found since jumpers could just go down to a profundity of 30 meters (around 100 feet) while the lake is 91 meters (near 300 feet) profound at its inside. After almost a month of looking - to a great extent because of the set number of long stretches of vast waters on the lake and the high height that forestalled profound plunging - Trudeaus family canceled the hunt without recuperating the body and later raised a chalet close by as a dedication to Michel. Increasingly About Michel Nicknamed Miche by Fidel Castro (surprisingly) during an encounter with his grandparents to Cuba in 1976, Michel Trudeau was brought into the world just four months before on October 2, 1975, in Ottawa, Ontario. After resigning from governmental issues, Michels father Pierre moved the family to Montreal, Quebec, where the 9-year-old Michel would spend the remainder of his youth. Michel went to the Collã ©ge Jean-de-Brã ©beuf before seeking after an advanced education in microbiology at Nova Scotias Dalhousie University. At the hour of his passing, Michel had been working at a mountain resort in Rossland, British Columbia for about a year.â On November 13, 1998, Michel and three companions set out on a boondocks skiing trip in the Kokanee Glacier Park, however the torrential slide isolated the gathering from Michel as he was cleared downhill into the lake.â After his passing, a newfound varietal of rose was named after him, named the Michel Trudeau Memorial Rosebush, with continues from deals of the new blossom profiting the Canadian Avalanche Foundation, which helps survivors and casualties of Canadas numerous torrential slides recuperate in the wake of getting trapped in one of natures most ruinous cataclysmic events. naecethinri1975http://www.blogger.com/profile/01751708885366528339noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4483274971755264686.post-22040918820843007702020-08-17T14:52:00.001-07:002020-08-17T14:52:02.320-07:00Which Psychology Graduate Program Is the BestWhich Psychology Graduate Program Is the Best Student Resources Print Which Psychology Graduate Program Is the Best? Things you should consider before you choose a program By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on April 11, 2019 H. Armstrong Roberts/ClassicStock / Getty Images More in Student Resources APA Style and Writing Study Guides and Tips Careers So youve decided to pursue a graduate degree in psychology, but you cannot decide which program is best. Choosing a graduate program is a big decision, but the number of options available within psychology can make the choice particularly difficult. Should you apply to a social psychology or clinical psychology program? Should you earn a Ph.D. or Psy. D. degree? As you begin to make a plan for graduate school, it is important to consider these basic questions in order to find the right program. Consider Your Needs and Interests Psychology is a broad field that draws upon a number of different topics, including science, philosophy, and statistics. Because of the diverse nature of psychology, it is impossible to say that one area of study is better than another. Your individual interests and talents should dictate which psychology graduate program is best suited to your needs. If you are passionate about conducting research, then a program focused on professional practice would be a poor fit. Spend some time thinking about what you are interested in and what you plan to do with your degree after you graduate. For example, if you hope to start your own psychotherapy practice one day, then you should focus on finding a psychology graduate program centered on professional practice. Be careful to check the accreditation status of the programs you look at as well as whether or not completing the program will allow you to become licensed to practice in your state. Psychology graduate programs vary widely depending upon the type of degree, area of study, and intended career goals. For example, a program might be focused on a specific sub-discipline such as social psychology, educational psychology, or clinical psychology. Each program offers an education uniquely tailored to providing knowledge and skills in a particular area of interest. Look at the Programs Theoretical Focus and Teaching Philosophy Different graduate programs also vary considerably in theoretical focus and educational philosophy. Before you choose the graduate program that is best for your needs, spend some time researching and comparing different psychology graduate programs. Talk to program advisors, visit each campus if possible, and try to meet with faculty members. It is also a good idea to ask about student outcomes, such as where graduates of the program typically find employment. These factors can all play an important role in determining which psychology program is best suited to your needs and interests. Evaluate Your Educational and Professional Goals Before you choose which psychology graduate program is best for you, it is important to take stock of your personal, educational, and professional goals. You can learn more about your own interests by researching different subfields of psychology. Consider which areas of psychology you find the most interesting. Talk to your academic advisor about possible career options and plans for graduate study. naecethinri1975http://www.blogger.com/profile/01751708885366528339noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4483274971755264686.post-57274849060984345772020-05-24T07:30:00.001-07:002020-05-24T07:30:03.442-07:00Snakes of Time in Dantes Hell Essay - 1314 Words Their throats are open graves; their tongues practice deceitâ⬠(Romans 3:13). Snakes have been a universal symbol of fraud in literature since ââ¬Å"The Fall,â⬠when God transformed Satan into a beguiling snake and ââ¬Å"[c]ursedâ⬠Satan to slide ââ¬Å"on [his] bellyâ⬠for all eternity for his deception (Alter 41). Dante uses snakes in his epic poem, the Inferno, to tie the fraudulent nature of thieves to their punishment in the seventh bolgia of the eighth circle of Hell. Snakes have metaphorically slithered through time and shed, taking on new appearances as deceivers in society. In 2005, they revealed a new face, Olatunji Oluwatosin, an identity thief. From his base in Los Angeles, Olatunji Oluwatosin stole private information, such as credit cardâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Decker arranged a sting operation to catch this culprit. Caught in this operation, Oluwatosin ââ¬Å"dropped the paperwork he had just receivedâ⬠in terror and was taken to the L os Angeles Country Superior Court, where he received an appropriate punishment of ââ¬Å"ten years in prisonâ⬠under charges of identity theft (Oââ¬â¢Harrow, Mimoso). Similarly, Danteââ¬â¢s Inferno forces the ââ¬Å"naked and terrifiedâ⬠thieves to run from venomous snakes with their ââ¬Å"hands behind their backs,â⬠ââ¬Å"without a hope of hidingâ⬠(Alighieri 251). The thieves who once were concealing themselves are now exposed. Moreover, with Oluwatosinââ¬â¢s numerous stolen identities, his crimes resemble the ââ¬Å"chelydri and jaculi, phareans, cenchres, and head-tailed amphisbenesâ⬠of Libya (251). Oluwatosin assumed these identities to camouflage himself, much as snakes do in their environment. However, once apprehended, both the thieves of Danteââ¬â¢s fourteenth century Italy and todayââ¬â¢s society must endure punishment. As the United States court system sentenced Oluwatosin to ten years in prison, Dante Alighieri arranges a more e xtreme punishment, where snakes ââ¬Å"thrustâ⬠between the legs of sinners and form a ââ¬Å"knotâ⬠in the groin (253). This punishment illustrates the idea of contrapasso, or a fitting punishment. Oluwatosinââ¬â¢s life of crime tied a knot of confinement since his former self could never be restored and his rights were limited in prison. Furthermore, the punishment reveals theShow MoreRelatedThe Influence of Dantes Inferno Essay1380 Words à |à 6 PagesAlighieriââ¬â¢s Divine Comedy is an epic poem that begins with the Inferno. The Inferno is an extremely influential part of European literature. The structure of story is for many people a piece of the vision of Hell. Religiously, this poem has had great prevalence. Dante paints a picture of the Hell that is both unsettling and justifiable. A whole world is created through his poem. The levels and intensity of sin is pondered. Crime is put to a level of small to large scale. Those that are intentional andRead M oreDantes Beasts2989 Words à |à 12 PagesThe Beasts and Monsters in Dantes Infernoà The Inferno is the first section of Dantes three-part poem, The Divine Comedy. Throughout Dantes epic journey into the depths of Inferno he encounters thirty monsters and five hybrid creatures.à The most significant of these monsters are of central importance to his journey and to the narrative, as they not only challengeà Dantes presence in Inferno, but are custodians of Hell, keeping in order or guarding the perduta gente.à In this essay I am concentratingRead MoreEssay on Dantes Inferno and Classical Mythology1823 Words à |à 8 PagesDanteââ¬â¢s descent into Hell in Inferno, the first part of his Divine Comedy, tells of the authorââ¬â¢s experiences in Hades as he is guided through the abyss by the Roman author, Virgil. The text is broken into cantos that coincide with the different circles and sub-circles of Hell that Dante and Virgil witness and experience. Inferno is heavily influenced by classic Greek and Roman texts and Dante makes references to a myriad of c haracters, myths, and legends that take place in Virgilââ¬â¢s Aeneid, Homerââ¬â¢sRead MoreAnalysis Of Dante s The Of Hell 1573 Words à |à 7 PagesJacob Barnett Essay#2 Reid Title I think Danteââ¬â¢s description of Hell is a wonderful work of literature. Dante uses numerous literary techniques to describe his envisionment of Hell to the reader. In my opinion, one of the most affective techniques used by Dante is symbolism. It would be a very difficult task to compile a brief list of significant symbols from the Cantos that we read in class. Dante utilized many symbols throughout each canto. Some of the symbols that Dante used in Inferno are wellRead MoreThe Bond of Communion: An Analysis of the Communal Bonds throughout Dantes Inferno1322 Words à |à 6 PagesBeginning his journey into Hell, ââ¬Å"[Dante] came to place stripped bare of every light/ roaring on the naked dark like seas/ wracked by the war of winds.â⬠(5.28-29) Immediately Dante establishes the setting of the second circle in a very powerful way. The simile compares the winds of Hell to the winds of a great storm, ultimately amplifying the winds of Hell and giving the reader an idea of the strength of these winds and therefore an idea of the suffering of the sinners. Danteââ¬â¢s use of imagery offers theRead MoreSummary : The Resurrection 1122 Words à |à 5 PagesJesusââ¬â¢s disciples had gone during the night and had taken him away while they were asleep. Then, the 11 disciples arrived in Galilee and met with Jesus. Though some doubted, they all listened to Jesus say that he would be with them until the end of time. ï⠧ Commentary: I feel this section of the Bible is fortunately only known for its positives, rather than its negatives. Jesus had been reborn and it was a true miracle. The beauty of the situation is his rebirth isnââ¬â¢t something that everyone had toRead MoreEssay on Is Satan the Epic Hero in Paradise Lost?2123 Words à |à 9 Pageslittle children. God does no wrong and is incapable of committing a sin; He is a picture perfect being. Satan is Godââ¬â¢s archenemy and polar opposite, heââ¬â¢s popularly known for his evil ways and the fiery inferno that he inhabits, described in the book Danteââ¬â¢s Inferno. Rarely do people confuse the idea that God is the hero and Satan is the evildoer that needs to be extinguished from the world. I can safely say that in terms of Christianity and its beliefs there is no mistake to who the epic hero of theRead MoreThe Divine Comedy: Allegory2235 Words à |à 9 Pagesbeginning of the journey ( half of manââ¬â¢s biblical life s pan ââ¬Å"threescore and ten yearsâ⬠(Psalm 90:10) o Lost his way on ââ¬Å"the true pathâ⬠of life ( sin has obstructed his path to God o Explores the nature of sin by traveling through hell o Rooted in the Everyman allegorical tradition ( represents humanity o Little known about his life on earth o Committed a sin never specified o Participated in Florentine politics o Often sympatheticRead MoreAnalysis Of Joseph Conrad s Heart Of Darkness2142 Words à |à 9 Pagesand then climax on the part where Marlow is exposed to the vicissitudes of Kurtzââ¬â¢s actions. The structure in which this story is written is also, in essence, very similar to Danteââ¬â¢s Inferno. Both the ââ¬Å"Heart of Darknessâ⬠and ââ¬Å"Infernoâ⬠have three parts. It thus, becomes really clear that Conrad had this classic work of Danteââ¬â¢s in mind when he wrote, ââ¬Å"[m]y purpose was to stroll into the shade for a moment, but no sooner within than it seemed to me I had stepped into the gloomy circle of some Infernoâ⬠Read MoreThe Reward Of Souls By Dante s The Divine Comedy1892 Words à |à 8 PagesThe Reward of Souls There are three books in Danteââ¬â¢s The Divine Comedy to illustrate the three worlds. They are Inferno, Purgatory, and Paradise. Throughout all three books of The Divine Comedy, Poetic Justice can be found easily: all souls get what they deserved. In Danteââ¬â¢s description, Inferno has a shape of a funnel with nine circles. The greater the sin, the lower someone is the greater penalty they get after they die. Poetic Justice can be found in the Inferno everywhere. The souls in the Inferno naecethinri1975http://www.blogger.com/profile/01751708885366528339noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4483274971755264686.post-51170290501418095042020-05-13T10:43:00.001-07:002020-05-13T10:43:02.586-07:00Organizational Culture An Organization - 960 Words Organizational Culture is defined according to Kreitner and Kinicki (2013, p. 62) as, ââ¬Å" the set of shared, taken-for-granted implicit assumptions that a group holds and that determines how it perceives, thinks about, and reacts to its various environments.â⬠In addition to the core definition, organizational culture encompasses three critical layers that build off one another. The three layers are Observable Artifacts, Espoused Values, and Basic Assumptions. By, defining what organizational culture is in turns helps me to perform the job I have been hired to do. With the culture we have in place it prepares me for accomplishing the mission and vision of the organization. According to Rose (2014), there are three vital building elements that help creates your organizational culture and helps your organization to exist and function. The core components are mission, vision and values. Furthermore, when these vital building blocks are welcomed, observed, and performed in your daily walk and carried out by management, , it promotes an environment that is essential to building your organization identity into something beneficial and positive. The organizational culture instituted in my job is comprised of being a workplace that has established itself as a well known brand with a reputable reputation. Many aspire to work for this organization. I have witnessed that the culture here is a well diversified mixture of backgrounds and cultures. Moreover, it is infused with aShow MoreRelatedOrganizational Culture : An Organization1251 Words à |à 6 PagesThe organization that I work for has many locations but I will concentrate on my work site. The organizational focuses on the well being of the residents and families. For this paper, I decided to focus more on the organizational culture. I will look into how the administrations of this organization are directly responsible for building and sustaining the culture within an organization. Organizational Culture is the shared values and beliefs that underlie a companyââ¬â¢s identity. In my organizationRead MoreThe Organizational Culture Of An Organization1393 Words à |à 6 PagesThe organizational culture of an organization serves as a foundation that should guide the practice and attitude of all healthcare professionals and staff. King Demarie (2015) describes organizational culture as the basis that determines right and wrong. A hospital organizationââ¬â¢s mission, vision, and goals are derived from the culture established within the organization. Organizational decisions are highly influenced by the organizational culture within an environment. Growth, advancementsRead MoreOrganizational Culture : An Organization1231 Words à |à 5 PagesOrganizational Culture Organizational Culture exists in every firm, thereby placing a significant impact on the motivational factors of employees. It is communicated through perception using values, artifacts, and the assumption of how things in are done in an organization (Daft Marcic, 2010). In fact, every firm has its exceptional personality known as culture. The organizational culture presents guidelines and boundaries for the employeesââ¬â¢ behavior in a firm, which influences the organizationalRead MoreOrganizational Culture : An Organization870 Words à |à 4 Pagesdefine it. A company culture determines how employees and customers perceive the company, client treatment and how the company should react to various changes in the environment. An organizational culture is a mirror of the company leadership. Different styles of leadership ensure maintenance of various corporation cultures. The climate within an organization determines a companyââ¬â¢s financial performance. To ensure their propos itions are deemed important, a quality company culture integrates each employeeRead MoreOrganizational Culture : An Organization1303 Words à |à 6 PagesCulture, a multi-dimensional notion that resides in all individuals, yet is also the same hidden force that separates most behavioral patterns seen inside and outside of organizations (Schein, 2004). Understanding organizational culture is important because it aids in the awareness of the life of an organization, which is relative since it is believed that organizational culture impacts the performance of an enterprise, but just as leadership plays a vital in creating the organizationââ¬â¢s culture,Read MoreOrganizational Culture Change The Organization Culture Essay1413 Words à |à 6 Pagesworld to hear a new CEO, an organizational consultant, a leadership expertââ¬âtalk about the urgent need to change the organization culture. Often organizations set high aspirations to ââ¬Å"change the cultureâ⬠but fall short of modifying the way that people feel, behave and get work done. Culture changes rarely manifest into noticeable long term improvements. It is important to note that corporate cultures are slow to evolve and difficult to change, that is not to say that culture cannot be changed. For startersRead MoreOrganizational Culture : An Organization1409 Words à |à 6 Pages Organisational Culture The key in helping to form and provide an identity for an organisation is in its organisational culture. Northcote and Trevelyan (1853) sought to provide the Civil Service with a distinctive character. Their vision based on four principal recommendations (merit through examination, educational level, graded into a hierarchy and promotion through achievement) has meant the Civil Service has invested heavily in training programmes despite long development times. These circumstancesRead MoreOrganizational Culture And Leadership : An Organization906 Words à |à 4 PagesRamirez MGT 105 Professor Call Organizational Culture and Leadership Organizational culture and leadership both affect every day working lives, even if you notice it or not. There is no single definition for organizational culture but the concept consists of socially developed rules of conduct that are shared by members of an organization. Some researchers believe that many traits of an organizationââ¬â¢s culture are so vague and general that even the members of the organization cannot accurately describeRead MoreOrganizational Culture And Change : An Organization1288 Words à |à 6 PagesOrganizational culture and change Organizational culture is defined as that particular system of shared values, beliefs, and assumptions that happens to govern the way that people behave in a different organization. The shared organizational values happen to have a very strong influence on the employees of a different organization and dictate how they act, perform, dress, and carry out their jobs (Anderson Ackerman-Anderson, 2001). As such, organizational culture happens to be one of the mostRead MoreDefining Organizational Culture : An Organization2382 Words à |à 10 PagesDefining Organizational Culture With numerous meanings given to organizational culture, scholars claim that the field is grounded in the shared assumptions, attitudes, and behaviors accepted and enacted by employees within an organization, which affect its performance and overall welfare (Belias Koustelios, 2014). Another widespread definition of organizational communication often used by organizational scholars states that: ââ¬Å"Organizational culture is the pattern of basic assumptions that a group naecethinri1975http://www.blogger.com/profile/01751708885366528339noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4483274971755264686.post-58652936077040854052020-05-06T13:44:00.001-07:002020-05-06T13:44:36.230-07:00Strictly Ballroom Free Essays string(67) " representation of industry experienced a revival of its fortunes\." Study Guide Strictly Ballroom fiieducation SYNOPSIS At the Waratah Championships ballroom dancer Scott Hastings goes against Federation rules and impulsively dances his own steps, causing partner Liz Holt to dump him. Then Fran, ugly duckling of the beginnersââ¬â¢ class, offers to be Scottââ¬â¢s new partner. Initially sceptical, he is persuaded by her ideas, and together they plan to dance their own steps at the Pan-Pacific Grand Prix Championships. We will write a custom essay sample on Strictly Ballroom or any similar topic only for you Order Now But Scottââ¬â¢s rebelliousness does not go unchallenged. His mother Shirley and coach Les Kendall try various ways to prevent Scott from dancing with Fran, while corrupt President Barry Fife plots Scottââ¬â¢s downfall by concocting a story about his parentsââ¬â¢ dancing career that will convince him to compete at the Pan-Pacifics without Fran. All seems lost until Scottââ¬â¢s father Doug reveals the truth. With Barry Fifeââ¬â¢s desperate attempts at sabotage having little effect, Scott and Fran complete their spectacular dance to rapturous applause from the crowd. Everyone takes to the dance floor in celebration. CAST Scott Hastings Fran Barry Fife Doug Hastings Shirley Hastings Liz Holt Les Rico Ya Ya Paul Mercurio Tara Morice Bill Hunter Barry Otto Pat Thomson Gia Carides Peter Whitford Antonio Vargas Armonia Benedito Ken Railings Tina Sparkle Charm Leachman Wayne Burns John Hannan Sonia Kruger Kris McQuade Pip Mushin Vanessa Cronin Kylie Luke Leonie Page Lauren Hewett Steve Grace CREDITS Director Producer Screenplay Baz Luhrmann Tristram Miall Baz Luhrmann and Running Time Craig Pearce 94 Minutes CONTENTS Introduction 4 Images of Australia 5 Baz Luhrmannââ¬â¢s Vision 7 The World of the Film 10 Hero, Heroine, Villain 14 APPENDICES A ââ¬â Baz Luhrmann interview 18 B ââ¬â Tristram Miall interview 20 C ââ¬â Sequences for study 22 D ââ¬â Key moments 23 E ââ¬â Film language 24 F ââ¬â Filmography 25 INTRODUCTION Australian director Baz Luhrmannââ¬â¢s flamboyant and colourful debut feature Strictly Ballroom (1992) opens with a theatrical swish of red velvet curtains and leads us into the larger-thanlife world of competitive ballroom dancing. It tells the story of Scott and Fran, who rebel against Dance Federation rules in order to dance their own steps. The film is the first in Baz Luhrmannââ¬â¢s ââ¬Ëred curtainââ¬â¢ film trilogy, and can also be described as a combination of the following: a fairy tale, a romantic comedy, a dance musical, even a satire. This study guide is aimed at teachers who are teaching the film as a comparative text in the Leaving Certificate English syllabus. As well as sections relevant to modes of comparison such as The World of the Film, (for Cultural Context/Social Setting) and Hero, Heroine, Villain, a central feature of the study guide is our exclusive interview with director Baz Luhrmann. He discusses his artistic vision and defines red curtain cinema, the concept central to his trilogy of films Strictly Ballroom (1992), Shakespeareââ¬â¢s Romeo Juliet (1996) and Moulin Rouge (2001). We are also very pleased to include an interview with Strictly Ballroom producer Tristram Miall in which he discusses his involvement in the making of Strictly Ballroom, and also provides insights into his role as a film producer in the Australian film industry. Both interviews will provide invaluable background material for both teachers and students. Strictly Ballroom is an excellent choice for comparative study as it is accessible, fun and fast-paced, but it also has serious themes and ultimately celebrates Australiaââ¬â¢s multicultural society, a view that has strong resonance for contemporary Ireland. I hope you will find this guide an interesting, useful and enjoyable resource in your teaching of Strictly Ballroom. Grateful thanks to my colleagues Alicia McGivern, Grainne Humphreys and Liz Fehilly for their valuable suggestions and editorial contributions. Ann Ryan Schools Officer fiieducation The Film Institute of Ireland STRICTLY BALLROOM 4 Uluru (Ayers Rock) IMAGES OF AUSTRALIA ââ¬Å"You will find a warm welcome waiting for you in Australia, one of the most fascinating and spectacular places on earth. A land of contrasts, at once a youthful, vital nation and the home of the planetââ¬â¢s oldest continuous culture. â⬠1 A SPECTACULAR HOLIDAY DESTINATION A SUCCESSFUL MIGRANT NATION Just as the Irish Tourist Board represents Ireland in a certain way to attract tourists, the Australian Tourist Commission promotes travel to Australia by highlighting its bright, colourful aspects. Famous landmarks such as the Sydney Opera House, Uluru (Ayers Rock) and the Great Barrier Reef are featured as well as Australiaââ¬â¢s indigenous people, the aborigines. Ever since Australia was first colonised by British settlers more than two hundred years ago, there have been successive waves of migration to its shores. The majority of migrants came from Britain, Ireland and northern Europe until after the Second World War, when Australia welcomed refugees from war-torn Europe and also began to accept thousands of migrants from southern European countries such as Italy and Greece. (Melbourne for instance has the largest Greek population of any city in the world outside Greece). STEREOTYPICAL IMAGES What expectations do we have of Australia and its people? There are several familiar Australian stereotypes, including the enduring image of Aussie bushman hero seen in Paul Hoganââ¬â¢s Crocodile Dundee. This is continued in recent film release Crocodile Hunter: Collision Course (2002) tarring TV naturalist Steve Irwin. A more negative stereotype is that of a Today, Australians whose ancestors hail from Britain or Ireland2 still form a majority of Australiaââ¬â¢s population but the country has also become one of the most successful migrant nations in the world, welcoming people from all corners of the globe to its shores. Notwithstanding the typical Australian male being depicted as beer-swilling, loud-mouthed and uncultured, like Barry Humphriesââ¬â¢ comic creation Sir Les Patterson, ââ¬ËAustraliaââ¬â¢s 2002 governmentââ¬â¢s controversial stance on illegal immigrants, contemporary Australia is a diverse and vibrant multicultural society. ultural attache. ââ¬â¢ Characters and settings in Australian TV soaps such as Home Away and Neighbours conform to stereotypical views of Australia, such as the mistaken AUSTRALIAN CINEMA* During the 1970s the Australian film belief that it is permanently sunny there, or that people are always tanned, goodlooking, athletic ââ¬Ësurfieââ¬â¢ types. Perhaps the soapsââ¬â¢ appeal lies in their representation of industry experienced a revival of its fortunes. You read "Strictly Ballroom" in category "Essay examples" The development of a government-assisted film industry reflected a desire to develop and nurture Australia as a sunny suburban paradise, a far cry from th e more downbeat settings of Eastenders or Fair City. a national cinema. Films made during the 1970s and since reflect Australiaââ¬â¢s increasing cultural diversity. STRICTLY BALLROOM 5 The Dish, Australiaââ¬â¢s biggest ever box office success Peter Weir is an important figure in the Australian film renaissance. His haunting success. This gentle comedy is set in July 1969 in a small rural town in New South 1 Australian Tourist Commission Travellerââ¬â¢s Guide 2002, p3 and atmospheric Picnic at Hanging Rock (1975) was a success both in Australia and Wales. Australian scientists become unlikely heroes because of the part they play in 3 Adrian Martin, More than Muriel, Sight and Sound nternationally. Adapted from the novel by Joan Lindsey, the film is set in 1900 on Valentineââ¬â¢s Day, when a group of schoolgirls on a picnic at Hanging Rock in Victoria disappear without trace. broadcasting the first TV pictures of the Apollo moon landing. In the 1980s the phenomenally successful Crocodile Dundee (1987) relied on the bushman stereotype for its comedy. In 3 addition to 1990s ââ¬Ëkitsch comedyââ¬â¢ successes like Strictly Ballroom, Priscilla, Queen of the Desert (1993) and Murielââ¬â¢s Wedding (1994), other comedies also proved popular. The Dish (2000) emerged as Australiaââ¬â¢s biggest ever box office Another box office success is Phillip Noyceââ¬â¢s film Rabbit Proof Fence (2002), which explores a significant and tragic part of Australian history: ââ¬ËThe Stolen Generations. ââ¬Ë From 1905 to 1970 part-Aboriginal children were forcibly removed from their families and placed in institutions. Set in the 1930s and starring Kenneth Branagh, the film tells the story of three Aboriginal girls who escape from the institution they have been placed in and walk 1500 kilometres across the continent to find their way home. STUDENT EXPLORATIONS 1 Travel brochures promote Australia as one of the worldââ¬â¢s most spectacular holiday destinations. What mpressions of Ireland are shown in travel brochures, do you think? 2 Describe a stereotypical Australian, then a typical Irish person. In what ways are these stereotypes limiting? Where do we see such stereotypes used? 3 Do you think Australian TV soaps are realistic? What images of Australia do they present? Compare their stories, cha racters and settings to an Irish or UK TV soap. 4 Compare another Australian film to Rabbit Proof Fence à © Miramax Release Date Ireland: 8/11/02 Strictly Ballroom. In what ways are they similar/different? What impressions of Australia do you receive in each film? *See Filmography (Appendix F) for ore details of Australian films. STRICTLY BALLROOM 6 2 Known as Anglo-Australians, or Anglo-Celtic Australians Vol. 5 No. 6 (1995) p30 ââ¬â 32 (p30) Picnic at Hanging Rock BAZ LUHRMANNââ¬â¢S VISION ORIGINS OF STRICTLY BALLROOM company, the Six Years Old Company, subsequently revived the play for a it won the Festivalââ¬â¢s Prix de Jeunesse. Strictly Ballroom also won several other Ballroom dancing is hugely popular in several countries around the world. With successful season at the Wharf Theatre in Sydney before touring to the World Expo awards, including eight Australian Film Institute Awards, three British Academy ts garish costumes, obsession with detail and rigorous rules, it has evolved into a dance sport and has recently been introduced to the Olympics. There are clubs and societies in countries around the world devoted to the promotion of ballroom dancing. Baz Luhrmann was introduced to the world of competitive ballroom dancing as a child growing up in Australia. His mother was a dancing teacher, and he took lessons, danced competitively and became a champion ballroom dancer himself. at Brisbane, Queensland in 1988. Awards and a Golden Globe nomination. FROM PLAY TO FILM VISION PASSION The next phase in Strictly Ballroomââ¬â¢s evelopment, however, was more challenging. Adapting the successful stage play into a film became what the filmakers describe as a ââ¬Å"David and Goliath journeyâ⬠. Producers Tristram Miall and Ted Albert had approached Baz Luhrmann with a view to buying the film rights. They agreed that he would write the script and direct the film. In 1991 Baz Luhrmann and Craig Pearce wrote the final screenplay for Strictly Ballr oom, but the Australian Film Finance Corporation were cautious about financing a first time director, producer and a largely unknown team. Few films were being made in Australia in the early 1990s, as it was in the midst of an conomic recession. In many ways the ââ¬ËDavid and Goliathââ¬â¢ struggle to get the film made reflects Scottââ¬â¢s struggle to dance his own steps in the film. His creativity and vision eventually win out despite the obstacles in his way. Similarly Baz Luhrmannââ¬â¢s team overcame what seemed to be impossible odds to triumph. Their vision and passion, combined with tenacity, hard work and determination helped them succeed in getting Strictly Ballroom made. Given the economic circumstances in Australia at the time, and the fact that Baz Luhrmann had never directed a feature film before, this was indeed a substantial achievement. AT DRAMA SCHOOL By 1985 Luhrmann was studying drama at the prestigious National Institute of Dramatic Art1 (NIDA) in Sydney, where he felt that its traditional teaching methods and strict rules were oppressive, stifling studentsââ¬â¢ creativity. Inspired by this experience, the original premise for Strictly Ballroom was based on overcoming oppression. Luhrmann chose the world of ballroom dancing because of his own experiences in that world. A DEVISED PLAY STUDENT EXPLORATIONS Despite several setbacks, including the 1 Baz Luhrmann and the producers have described the experience of making Strictly Ballroom into a film as a ââ¬ËDavid Goliathââ¬â¢ struggle. Find out about the sudden death of producer Ted Albert, the money was eventually raised to make the film, with the Australian Film Finance Corporation as main investor. But there story of ââ¬ËDavid Goliathââ¬â¢, and discuss how it has parallels with Scottââ¬â¢s story. 2 The theme of overcoming oppression was the premise for Baz Luhrmann and SETBACKS The first version of Strictly Ballroom was a thirty minute devised play, created by Luhrmann and fellow students (including long time friend and co-writer Craig were other difficulties along the way, including Paul Mercurio (Scott) injuring his ankle just before the start of filming, and he Film Finance Corporation allegedly Pearce). Luhrmann then directed the first ever stage production of Strictly Ballroom at NIDA. The playââ¬â¢s success led to its selection for the 1986 World Youth ââ¬Ëhatingââ¬â¢ the film after viewing a rough-cut. (See Interview with Tristram Miall). Despite all these difficulties, Strictly Ballroo m became a huge hit in Australia and Theatre Festival in Czechoslovakia, where it received awards for best production and best director. Luhrmannââ¬â¢s theatre overseas. Made for $3. 5 million Australian dollars, it screened at the prestigious international film festival at Cannes, where fellow NIDA students when they evised the play version of Strictly Ballroom. The students felt oppressed by the strict regime at their drama school. Do you have any personal experience or knowledge of such a regime? Give some examples. 3 Discuss the different stages by which Strictly Ballroom became a film. What impressions do you receive of Baz Luhrmann and his team? STRICTLY BALLROOM 7 ââ¬Å"All our films use this cinema form which we call theatricalised cinema, red curtain cinemaâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ Baz Luhrmann Moulin Rouge (2001) à © Twentieth Century Fox RED CURTAIN CINEMA Shakespearean language, and Moulin Rouge is a musical. Once the audience Baz Luhrmann describes his trilogy of ilms as exam ples of red curtain cinema. accepts that they are always watching a movie and are not seduced into believing This concept, which he defines as a theatricalised, participatory cinema form set in a heightened world, is central to our understanding of his work. Strictly Ballroom, the first film in the red curtain trilogy was released in 1992, followed by Shakespeareââ¬â¢s Romeo Juliet (1996) and finally Moulin Rouge (2001). that it is real, Luhrmann believes that they will be able to participate actively in the viewing experience. According to Baz Luhrmann, there are rules and conventions in red curtain inema just as in other film genres. The first rule is that the story needs to be set in a heightened creative world. Strictly Ballroom opens with a theatrical swish of red velvet curtains. The opening image leads us into the world of competitive ballroom dancing, peopled by larger-than-life characters obsessed with winning. The second rule is that the story should be based on a reco gnisable story shape. In Strictly Ballroom, the David Goliath myth can be seen quite clearly in Scottââ¬â¢s Romeo Juliet (1996) à © Twentieth Century Fox struggle against the mighty Dance Federation. Similarly, the fairy tale about he ugly duckling being transformed into a swan is mirrored in the character of Fran. Baz Luhrmann for a detailed account of his artistic vision (Appendix B) Interview with producer Tristram Miall for details of his involvement in Strictly Ballroom. Thirdly, and finally, red curtain cinema is also audience participation cinema. For Luhrmann, the audience needs to be aware that what they are watching is not meant to be real. Unlike other films which give the illusion of reality, red curtain films use ââ¬Ëdevicesââ¬â¢ to keep the audience aware that the film is heightened and stylised. In Strictly Ballroom the central device is ancing; in Romeo Juliet it is See (Appendix A) Interview with director DISCUSSION from his review of Moulin Rouge reve als: ââ¬Å"The director clearly exults in the thrilling films like Top Hat (1935), the all-powerful Dance Federation is represented as the Luhrmann is influenced by radical theatre practitioner Bertolt Brecht, who was theatricality of the genre, which he communicates so infectiously to the enemy in Strictly Ballroom. ââ¬ËMockumentaryââ¬â¢ interviews in the opening interested in creating ââ¬Ëactive spectatorsââ¬â¢ in theatre audiences. To achieve this he employed distancing techniques to ensure that the spectator stands outside the xperience. 2 Brechtââ¬â¢s aim was to keep the audience intellectually involved, but emotionally detached. Baz Luhrmann wants the audience to be active participants, aware that they are watching a film. He describes red curtain cinema as being like ââ¬ËBrecht with heartââ¬â¢ because he also welcomes their emotional involvement. audience in this exuberant, intoxicating spectacle, a blissfully romantic paean to the power of love. â⬠3 sequence provide another example of the filmââ¬â¢s parodying of conventions. So does red curtain cinema work, and are we convinced by it as a new cinema form? The world created in Strictly Ballroom is indeed larger-than-life, lamboyant and stylised. And in Shakespeareââ¬â¢s Romeo Juliet and Moulin Rouge Luhrmann continues the concept of red curtain cinema in ever more fantastical ways. The Verona in Shakespeareââ¬â¢s Romeo Juliet is hot, sexy and violent, a created world comprising of twentieth century icons. Moulin Rouge, STUDENT EXPLORATIONS There is no doubt that Baz Luhrmannââ¬â¢s red curtain films offer audiences larger-thanlife fantastical created worlds, stunning visual spectacle and stories based on recognisable myths. But perhaps the audience participation element of red curtain cinema works more convincingly in Strictly Ballroom and Romeo Juliet han in Moulin Rouge because in the final film of the trilogy the pace is just too frenetic and rushed. Those who love watching MTV may disagree, but in my view the audience simply does not have time to absorb the myriad images, sounds, sweeping camera angles and special effects. Far from encouraging our emotional involvement with the characters and storyline, these distancing techniques in fact have the opposite effect. A COMBINATION OF GENRES 1 Define ââ¬Ëred curtain cinemaââ¬â¢ in your own words. 2 We are used to seeing films at the cinema that are set in the ââ¬Ëreal worldââ¬â¢. Give some examples of films like this. How do Baz Luhrmannââ¬â¢s films differ? Do you prefer films that have a realistic setting/storyline or films that are obviously set in a heightened, fantasy world? 3 What do you think of Baz Luhrmannââ¬â¢s concept of red curtain cinema? Does it work, in your opinion? (Consider Luhrmannââ¬â¢s other films, Romeo Juliet and Moulin Rouge as well as Strictly Ballroom in your response). 4 Strictly Ballroom also draws from other traditions in film and theatre. Give examples of key moments from the film that illustrate its combination of genres (eg. ââ¬Ëmockumentaryââ¬â¢, fairy tale, dance the final film in the red curtain trilogy, is an extraordinary musical love story, set in computer-generated Paris of 1899, featuring music from artists as diverse as Baz Luhrmann defines Strictly Ballroom as red curtain cinema, but it also draws from several traditions in film and theatre: slapstick elements of silent film; musical). Randy Crawford and Nirvana. Luhrmannââ¬â¢s red curtain films have been box office successes and are hugely popular with audiences. This is clear commedia dellââ¬â¢arte; even ââ¬Ëmockumentaryââ¬â¢. It can be described as a combination of the following genres: a romantic comedy, a fairy tale, a dance musical, a satire, and evidence that many people enjoy the experience of watching his films, and are illing, either consciously or unconsciously, to accept the conventions finally an example of ââ¬Ëkitsch comedy. ââ¬â¢ Baz Luhrmann uses these conventions in Strictly Ballroom, but he also parodies them. The film self-consciously subverts loosely in English as distance alienation or the ââ¬ËAââ¬â¢ of red curtain cinema. Film critic Michael Dwyer is an enthusiastic admirer of Baz Luhrmannââ¬â¢s work, as the following extract our expectations of the backstage musical, so that far from being a celebration of the show business dance community as in narration, mask, song, and actors playing a variety 1 The National Institute of Dramatic Art (NIDA) is ne of Australia ââ¬â¢s best-known drama schools. Graduates include Mel Gibson, Cate Blanchett and Toni Collette. 2 The concept of ââ¬Ëverfremdungseffektââ¬â¢, translated effect, is used in Brechtââ¬â¢s epic theatre to remind the audience that they are watching a play. (A-effects include a presentational style of acting, use of of roles). 3 Dwyer M. , The Irish Times, 5 September 2001 STRICTLY BALLROOM STRICTLY BALLROOM 7 9 THE WORLD OF THE FILM As we have seen in the discussion on red curtain cinema, one of its conventions is that the story takes place in a heightened, fantastical world. There are two contrasting worlds in Strictly Ballroom. Both are located physically in the suburbs of Sydney, but they are distinct and separate, reflecting the filmââ¬â¢s collision of wills and cultures. THE BALLROOM DANCING WORLD The first world we enter is the competitive world of ballroom dancing. Locations in this world are always interior. It is represented as being fiercely conservative, with rigid rules that must be obeyed. Characters are Anglo-Australian comic stereotypes, whose costumes are garish and glitzy. They wear heavy make up, have elaborate, cartoon-like hairdos, and are overly concerned with outward appearances. Obsessed with winning ballroom dancing competitions, they are nable to talk about anything else. They have created an insular, claustrophobic world where outsiders are not welcome and innovation is seen as a threat. The heightened and stylised ballroom dancing world satirises aspects of Australian society. It serves as a metaphor Scott: Iââ¬â¢m just asking you what you think of the steps. Liz: I donââ¬â ¢t think. I donââ¬â¢t give a shit about them. We lost. (New Partners: Sequence 2) FRANââ¬â¢S WORLD The second world is the Toledo Milk Bar, where Franââ¬â¢s Spanish family lives. As recent migrants to Australia they are shown as living on the fringes of mainstream society, literally beside the railway tracks. Providing a stark contrast to the artificiality of the ballroom dancing world, their world is shown as more real. The exterior location suggests space and freedom. Characters are portrayed as more passionate and authentic than the winning-obsessed AngloAustralians because they dance from the heart rather than from a desire to win competitions. Baz Luhrmann explains: for a particular Anglo-Australian attitude, shown here as hierarchical and conservative. The Dance Federationââ¬â¢s obsession with rules and conformity ââ¬Å"The Anglo world took the Paso Doble, which is a dance of expression, and put a whole lot of rules on it, and made it about inning. Whereas in Franââ¬â¢s family, dancing is could also be said to represent a fear of change in a part of Australian society that discourages spontaneity and creativity. a tradition, it comes from life, it is an expression of life. â⬠Scottââ¬â¢s crowd-pleasing steps are seen as pointless compared to the obsession with winning competitions. After Scott and Liz lose the Waratah Championships Liz is inherent in dance before it became restrained and stifled. When Ya Ya encourages Scott to ââ¬Å"listen to the rhythmâ⬠(Paso Doble: Sequence 5), the film furious. Scott tries to persuade her to listen to his ideas but she is only nterested in winning: suggests that expression in dance should be lived and enjoyed, rather than made into a competitive sport. The film tries to capture the original passion STRICTLY BALLROOM 10 FAMILY ultimate patriarchal, authoritarian figure, treats women as decorative objects. His forced me into it ââ¬â where the man goes the lady must follow ââ¬â I had no choice. â⬠Although they appear conventional enough, with a mother, father and two scenes with ââ¬Ëloyal companionââ¬â¢ Charm Leachman (No New Steps: Sequence 6) (Waratah Championships: Sequence 1) Lizââ¬â¢s words are ironic, especially when we children, the Anglo-Australian Hastings amily is shown as dysfunctional. The film subverts our expectations of the ââ¬Ëaverageââ¬â¢ family. Shirley, like the other characters from the ballroom dancing world is onedimensional. She is depicted as a stereotypical domineering wife, browbeating mild-mannered husband Doug. She is also a stage mother who lives vicariously through her childrenââ¬â¢s successes. Shirley is ambitious for her son Scott to win the Pan Pacific Dance Championships, but only if he dances the Federation way. and when he demonstrates the Bogo Pogo dance step to Wayne and Vanessa (The Pan-Pacifics: Sequence 7) reveal his sleazy side. consider that she is the one who refuses o dance with Scott after he dances his own steps, and throws a temper tantrum when she does not get her own way (New Partners: Sequence 2). Similarly, Shirley bursts into tears at the dance studio when the efforts to get Scott and Liz back together fail. Franââ¬â¢s Spanish family is portrayed more sympathetically, but also somewhat stereotypi cally. Like Cinderella, her real mother has died. Her father Rico is shown as swarthy, unshaven and ultra-strict. Franââ¬â¢s body language and actions suggest that she is afraid of him and when we first meet Rico after Scott walks Fran home (Sequence 3) his words to Fran are harsh. Franââ¬â¢s grandmother Ya Ya, dressed in black with a crucifix around her neck, grey hair But elsewhere there are men who do not have such authority. The ââ¬Ëcampââ¬â¢ representation of Les Kendall throughout the film indicates that he is homosexual. The fact that he is different, the film suggests, has not been to his advantage. Barry Fife calls him ââ¬Å"a pathetic fag,â⬠at the Pan-Pacifics (Sequence 8) when Les discovers the truth about the 1967 Championships. Doug Hastings is also different. Far from being the conventional male head of the family, he is bullied by his wife Shirley and seems to have no authority at home. Whenever he tries to talk to Scott he is ignored, until the Pan-Pacifics (Sequence 7) when he is finally able to make Scott listen. Their portrayal is in marked contrast to the way Fran is depicted. Shown very much as a fairy tale heroine, Fran is shown more positively. Her shyness and lack of self-confidence give way to her blossoming courage and independence. Her natural appearance contrasts with the heavily made-up ballroom dancers, again reinforcing the idea that Fran is genuine and has more depth than the superficial female characters of the ballroom dancing world. Dougââ¬â¢s role as father is in marked contrast Children There are two children in the film, Kylie, Scottââ¬â¢s younger sister, and Luke, her dance partner. Both are aged ten, and are tied back in a bun at first looks like a stereotypical ââ¬Ëethnicââ¬â¢ grandmother, but her appearance is deceptive. She is in fact Franââ¬â¢s ally, covering for her when she goes to the way Rico is depicted. As a strict, authoritarian father, he is also portrayed as strong and masculine, his dance prowess seen as a macho attribute. He dressed as miniature ballroom dancers, complete with elaborate costumes and hairdos. Their function is to comment honestly and insightfully on the action, ut, and revealing a playful sense of humour at Scottââ¬â¢s expense during the Paso Doble scene (Sequence 5) when she speaks in Spanish about Scottââ¬â¢s becomes a mentor, even a father figure to Scott when he teaches him about the real meaning of dance. (Practising for the Pan-Pacifics: Sequence 6). and they also provide comic asides, for example wh en Kylie says: ââ¬Å"Itââ¬â¢s the inconceivable sight of Scott dancing with Fran,â⬠as she watches them dance ROLES OF MEN, WOMEN, CHILDREN Women The film satirises Anglo-Australian women by depicting them as hysterical, bitchy and backstage at the State Championships (Sequence 4). Kylie and Luke also act uring the Pan-Pacifics (Sequence 8) to help Fran and Scott. Realising that Barry Men In the ballroom dancing world, the men appear to be in control. Barry Fife, the manipulative. The following melodramatic comments by Liz Holt suggest that men lead, at least on the dancefloor: ââ¬Å"He Fife plans to cut the music, they lock themselves into the sound booth so that his plans are thwarted. Their heroic ââ¬Å"nice bodyâ⬠. STRICTLY BALLROOM 11 actions at the end and the way they cheer for Scott and Fran suggest that they European migrants started arriving in Australia. It is clear that Franââ¬â¢s family is not represent a brighter future for dance. s financially well off as the AngloAustralians. But the fiesta that takes place WORK at the back of the house (Paso Doble: Sequence 5) conveys that there is life and soul here. Although dancing is an amateur pastime for most of the characters in the ballroom dancing world, they are so obsessed that it dominates their lives. For some of the characters, ballroom dancing also provides their livelihoods. Les Kendall and Shirley run Kendallââ¬â¢s Dance Studio together. Shirleyââ¬â¢s explanation of why she dumped Doug at the Pan-Pacifics in 1967 reveals her fear of insecurity. It also suggests that in this world people feel hey have to sacrifice their dreams to obtain job security: ââ¬Å"There was too much at stake. Our dancing career was on the line. I couldnââ¬â¢t throw all that away on a dream. We had to survive. We would never have been able to teach. â⬠(The Pan-Pacifics: Sequence 7) Barry Fife displays quite a different attitude to work. He uses his position as Federation President to f urther his own business interests, notably the way he POWER The Anglo-Australian characters are those who are depicted as having power in the film. But Barry Fifeââ¬â¢s power is represented as hierarchical and corrupt. During the Waratah Championships (Sequence 1) the Dance Federation judging panel is framed with a low angle shot, showing Barry and his fellow officials placed on a stage above the audience, reflecting their superior status. Barry is willing to fix the Pan-Pacific Grand Prix Dance Championships, so that Scott doesnââ¬â¢t win, as his words to a drunk Ken Railings reveal: ââ¬Å"Your year, Ken. Just get on the floor, go through the motions and itââ¬â¢s in the bag. â⬠(Scott Franââ¬â¢s Big Moment: Sequence 8) Throughout the film, his unscrupulous places his video, Dance to Win, on display at every opportunity, and gives a copy to Wayne as a sweetener to get him on his side against Scott (The State ethods reveal that he is willing to do anything to hang onto power. He is portrayed much like a corrupt politician or businessman who will do favours for Championships: Sequence 4). certain people in order to gain personal advantages. By contrast, Franââ¬â¢s family business is the Toledo Milk Bar. Business does not seem In c ontrast, Franââ¬â¢s family, who live on the to be booming, as the milk bar looks shabby and rundown. Its paintwork is dingy and worn and there are bins full of rubbish in front. In some ways the Toledo edges of society, are depicted as less powerful because they are not part of the established, dominant Anglo-Australian ulture. However, their sympathetic Milk Bar suggests an earlier era, the 1950s, when such places were first popular, and also when southern portrayal in the film suggests that despite their marginal status, they are culturally richer than their Anglo counterparts. CLASS others. (The Try-Outs: Sequence 3). It is as if Franââ¬â¢s ethnicity marks her as different, STUDENT EXPLORATIONS Although the film shows two cultures in opposition, it is more difficult to position and is considered a drawback to her integration and acceptance into the 1 Baz Luhrmannââ¬â¢s describes the world of Strictly Ballroom as ââ¬Ëheightened and them in terms of class. The AngloAustralians can be described as white working-class or lower middle-class. They have more money and status in society than the characters in the Spanish world, which places them in a higher position. Yet their values and attitudes are satirised in the film, so that the Anglo-Australian world is presented as tacky and artificial, lacking depth. The Spanish characters, living on the margins of an urban society can also be described as working-class. However, their values are celebrated in the film, placing them above the Anglo-Australians. Anglo-Australian world. At the Pan-Pacifics Fran tells Scott how difficult it has been for her: RACE In the film the Anglo-Australian world is shown as dominant, and ââ¬Ënormalââ¬â¢, with Franââ¬â¢s Spanish world represented as the ethnic ââ¬Ëotherââ¬â¢. This could be said to mirror the migrant experience in Australia, where Anglo-Australians form a majority of the population and have lived there longer than more recent arrivals. Franââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"Frangipannidelasqueegymop. Wash the coffee cups Fran. Howââ¬â¢s your skin Fran? â⬠(At the Pan-Pacifics: Sequence 7). When Scott is introduced to the Spanish world, he is at first treated with suspicion by Rico (Paso Doble: Sequence 5). At first characters speak in Spanish in front of Scott, often at his expense, and as a way f excluding him from their conversation. For the first time Scott experiences what it is like to be an outsider. But after initial suspicion he is accepted. Scott is willing to learn from Rico and Ya Ya, and realises that the experience is enriching. It is interesting that as Rico and Ya Ya help Scott and Fran practice for the Pan-Pacifics (Sequence 6) they begin to speak both Spanish and English, indicating their growing acceptance of him and their openness to the Anglo world. 2 3 4 5 fantasticalââ¬â¢. How does the film language used illustrate this? See Appendix E: Film Language. (Comment on costume, lighting, characters, amerawork, colour, music in each of the contrasting settings). How does the film depict the Anglo Australian characters? How does this compare with the filmââ¬â¢s portrayal of Franââ¬â¢s Spanish family? Who is portrayed more sympathetically, do you think? Many of the characters in Strictly Ballroom are cartoon-like and one dimensional. What advantages are there in creating characters that are stereotypes? Can you see any disadvantages? ââ¬Å"No new steps! â⬠Why do you think some of the characters were so frightened of new dance steps? Discuss the relevant characters/key moments. Do you sympathise with any of them? Why/why not? Do you agree with Baz Luhrmann that dance should be ââ¬Ëan expression of lifeââ¬â¢ rather than a competitive sport? Do you experience at Kendallââ¬â¢s Dance Studio reflects this marginal status. She is known as ââ¬Ëjust Franââ¬â¢ rather than by her full name Francisca. She is reluctant to say her The filmââ¬â¢s triumphant finale, which shows the two cultures uniting on the dance floor, offers a celebration of Australiaââ¬â¢s multicultural society. As characters from have any personal experience of dancing competitively? (Irish dancing, for example) What is your opinion on such competitions? Spanish name because it reinforces her outsider status, making her a potential arget for name-calling by Liz and Vanessa. Franââ¬â¢s appearance is also the ballroom dancing world and Franââ¬â¢s Spanish world dance together, Rico with Liz Holt, Ya Ya with Les, the film offers an optimistic ending. From being two 6 How does the world of Strictly Ballroom differ from the cu ltural contexts/social settings of other comparative texts you have studied? Are there any similarities? different. Her dark hair and natural skin provide a contrast to the artificial glamour of the other ballroom dancers. Shirley, in her role as cosmetician, is always separate, distinct cultures, the finale ensures that they intermingle, each nriched by the other. Only Barry Fife seems not to fit into this new, inclusive encouraging Fran to use apricot scrub or Buf Puf to improve her skin, and tries making her up so that she looks like the world, suggesting that he really does belong to a bygone era. STRICTLY BALLROOM 13 HERO, HEROINE, VILLAIN Mainstream Hollywood cinema draws from principles and structures established in Greek mythology. Stories are driven by the struggle between a central hero and another, usually darker force. The conventional cinematic hero is strong and virile, who proves himself by overcoming obstacles set out for him by the narrative. The hero always achieves his goal and wins the love of a woman through combat or physical confrontation with another male. HERO Scott is the central character in the film. Positioned as the hero, he is a passionate, ambitious ballroom dancer who also wants to dance his own steps. Scott has to balance his desire to win with a need for individuality and creativity. As he progresses through the film, he overcomes pressures and obstacles in his way and finds the courage to dance his own steps with Fran at the Pan-Pacifics. How film language* positions Scott as the Hero We know that Scott is the hero because he is central to the plot. The action he takes at the Waratah Championships when he dances his own steps is the catalyst for the story. But the way the story is told through film language also shows us that he is the a desire to win marks him as unconventional. He is also put under pressure to conform at different times during the film from Shirley, Les and Barry Fife, and he gives into the pressure more than once. The heroââ¬â¢s qualities of physical strength and virility are shown through ballroom dancing, an activity not normally associated with macho cinematic heroes. Scottââ¬â¢s Journey Scott also has to change his own attitudes to fully understand the true meaning of ance. There are several key moments in the film that illustrate Scottââ¬â¢s emotional journey: New Partners (Sequence 2) Fran approaches Scott When Fran asks to try out as Scottââ¬â¢s new hero. The camera frames Scott in particular ways to emphasise this. The following elements in camerawork illustrate how a film can position the hero: Scott: Youââ¬â¢ve come up to me whoââ¬â¢s been dancing since I was six years oldâ⬠¦ and â⬠¢ Framing of shots ââ¬â the camera stays with the character as much as possible â⬠¢ Close-ups of the characterââ¬â¢s face reveal you want to dance non-Federation, and convince the judges at the Pan-Pacific Grand Prix with 3 weeks to train? Fran: Yeah. how the character is feeling â⬠¢ Point-of-view shots make the audience see things from his perspective *See also Appendix E: Film Language STRICTLY BALLROOM 14 An Untypical Hero? Scott is an untypical cinematic hero. His interest in artistic self-expression more than partner, he is dismissive of her ability: Scott: I donââ¬â¢t think so. Scott only listens to Fran after she loses her temper and tells him heââ¬â¢s a ââ¬Å"gutless wonderâ⬠for not having the courage to give her a chance. Even after Scott accepts Fran as his new partner, he holds onto the attitudes and beliefs of the ballroom dancing world. As they dance the ne last look at Liz, Shirley and the other competitors before jumping offstage to An Untypical Heroine? But if Fran fulfils many of the rumba, he instructs Fran to ââ¬Å"look at me like youââ¬â¢re in love,â⬠emphasising the artificiality find Fran. requirements of a fairy tale heroine, she is also untypical. Although Fran appears to of the ballroom dancing style. STUDENT EXPLORATIONS State Championships (Sequence 4) Scott and Fran dance together backstage Scott is caught between wanting to win the competition and his desire to dance new steps with Fran. The opportunity to dance with Tina Sparkle is tempting, and he is esitant when Fran asks him directly what he intends to do: 1 What are the qualities of a typical Hollywood hero? 2 Give examples of 2 other films in which the central character can be described as heroic, and give reasons for your choices. 3 How does the film position Scott as the hero? 4 Give examples of key moments that show Scott as the hero, and explain how film language conveys this to the audience. be a passive and shy individual at the beginning, at important moments she shows determination and defiance. But she also falters under pressure at times, particularly when faced with Scottââ¬â¢s indecision, or when bullied by Shirley Hastings. Fran: Are you going to dance with Tina? Scott: Iâ⬠¦ sheââ¬â¢s a champion. But as Fran watches Tina Sparkle and Nathan perform, Scott follows her gaze. The close-up shot of his reaction indicates that he is beginning to realise what he wants to do. As he dances with Fran backstage the lyrics to the song ââ¬ËPerhapsââ¬â¢ ââ¬â ââ¬Å"If you canââ¬â¢t make your mind up, weââ¬â¢ll never get started,â⬠fit the scene perfectly. HEROINE Franââ¬â¢s Journey Unlike the journey Scott makes to change his attitude towards dance, Fran already knows that she wants to dance ââ¬Ëfrom the heartââ¬â¢. The Spanish proverb, ââ¬ËVivir con miedo, es como vivir a medias/A life lived n fear is a life half-livedââ¬â¢ is one of the main messages of the film, and is closely associated with Fran. Her journey is about overcoming her fear so that she can reach her potential and live life to the full. Paso Doble (Sequence 5) Rico and Ya Ya dance the Paso Doble Ric o and Ya Ya, having laughed at Scott and Fran Fran is positioned as the heroine in the film. Like Scott, she is a complex character who has to overcome obstacles to achieve her goals. In many ways she fulfils the requirements of a fairy tale heroine, with clear similarities between her character and Cinderella or The Ugly Duckling. At irst she is portrayed as a shy, awkward Franââ¬â¢s ballroom dancing version of the Paso Doble, teach Scott their way. As Ya Ya encourages him to ââ¬Å"listen to the rhythm,â⬠Scott is transformed by the experience and beginner dancer. Wearing glasses, no make-up and a baggy T-shirt, her plainness provides a contrast to the glitz and glamour of the other ballroom rejects her shows her strength of feeling: learns that dancing from the heart makes it more meaningful and real. dancers. youââ¬â¢re just really scared, youââ¬â¢re really scared to give someone new a go because you think, you know, they might just be better than you are. Well, youââ¬â¢re just There are several key moments that illustrate Franââ¬â¢s journey: New Partners (Sequence 2) Fran approaches Scott Franââ¬â¢s angry response to Scott when he ââ¬Å"Youââ¬â¢re just like the rest of them. You think youââ¬â¢re different but youââ¬â¢re not because The Pan-Pacific Grand Prix Dance The film shows Franââ¬â¢s journey towards confidence and fulfilment through the Championship (Sequence 7) Doug reveals the truth When Doug catches up with Scott and tells him the truth about the 1967 changes in her costume and appearance. From the opening sequence which features a close-up shot of an ordinary looking Fran speaking to camera about athetic and youââ¬â¢re gutless. Youââ¬â¢re a gutless wonder. Vivir con miedo, es como vivir a medias! â⬠Championships, Scott realises that he can dance with Fran at last. The film moves into slow motion as he spins around to have Scott and Lizââ¬â¢s ââ¬Ëwonderful stepsââ¬â¢, she undergoes a transformation, blossoming into a beautiful, confident dancer. Fran is then positioned in the centre of the frame, standing in the spotlight, just as Scott had been earlier. This indicates STRICTLY BALLROOM 15 that she too wants to dance her own steps, and suggests that she and Scott go home rather than spoil Scottââ¬â¢s chances. The use of low angle close-ups of Shirley, re more closely linked than we have previously realised. Vanessa and Liz, seen from Franââ¬â¢s point of view, represent them as villains and Fran as a victim of bullying. The Try-Outs (Sequence 3) This montage sequence shows several aspects of the story that happen over the same period of time. Scottââ¬â¢s try-outs with prospective new partners are juxtaposed with Scott and Fran continuing to practice together. The camera also cuts to dates being crossed off the calendar, indicating that time has passed, and the soundtrack, appropriately, is the song Time After Time. The montage also shows how Franââ¬â ¢s transformation is taking place. Gradually er appearance begins to change, her hair becomes darker and more attractive and she wears skirts rather than leggings. The use of colour is also significant, and by the end of the sequence she is shown wearing stronger colours (black and red), reflecting her growing confidence. The State Championships (Sequence 4) Fran and Scott dance together backstage After the revelation that Tina is to be Scottââ¬â¢s new partner, Fran retreats backstage where Scott finds her. But the spell is broken when Liz Holt scathingly comments: ââ¬Å"Youââ¬â¢re kidding! â⬠when she sees Fran and Scott dancing together. Fran becomes self-conscious again, and falls ver, injuring her ankle. Practising for the Pan-Pacifics (Sequence 6) Fran and Scott practice for the Pan-Pacifics with the guidance and support of Rico and Ya Ya. When Fran dances complicated steps with confidence and poise during a practice with her father, the reaction shot of Rico shows his surprise and pride. It is as if he is seeing his daughter in a new light. Like Ya Ya, he accepts that Fran has overcome her shyness and is ready to dance at the Pan-Pacifics. STUDENT EXPLORATIONS 1 Fran can be described as being like a fairytale heroine. Choose 3 key moments from the film that show parallels between Fran and a fairytale heroine. How does the film reveal Franââ¬â¢s transformation? Give some examples of key moments where Franââ¬â¢s image changes, referring to costume, facial expression, movement, camerawork etc. Is the transformation more than just her appearance, do you think? VILLAIN Barry Fife There is one obvious villain in the film ââ¬â Shirley, Liz and Vanessa persuade Fran to go home This scene in the dressing room is Barry Fife, President of the Australian Dance Federation. Symbolising a bygone patriarchal, authoritarian era Barry is portrayed as being shifty and corrupt. Like reminiscent of Cinderella, when Shirley (like the wicked stepmother), Vanessa and Liz (as the ugly sisters) persuade Fran to many of the characters in the ballroom dancing world, Barry is depicted as a cartoon-like stereotype. He is often filmed STRICTLY BALLROOM 16 in low angle close-ups, which make his face look grotesque, and his shiny blue speech about heroes to Les, which is both comic and satirical, bearing similarities to table and is shown on the floor looking dishevelled and defeated. The high angle suits, red face and false hairpiece convey to the audience that he is not to be the kind of speeches we are accustomed to hearing from certain politicians: camera shot used here makes him appear ulnerable for the first time. To symbolise trusted. Barryââ¬â¢s fear of change, combined with his desperation to remain the allpowerful President by ruthless and corrupt means, results in his loss of power and authority at the end of the film. Barry fulfils the role of a typical cinematic villain, being the darker force that tries to prevent Scott from dancing his o wn steps. Despite his villainous ways, he is also responsible for many of the filmââ¬â¢s funniest moments, particularly when he confuses proverbs and sayings like: ââ¬ËLetââ¬â¢s not chuck the baby out with the bathtub,ââ¬â¢ and ââ¬ËOne bad egg can rot the whole barrel. ââ¬â¢ Several ey moments reveal Barry Fife as a villain: Waratah Championships (Sequence 1) Barryââ¬â¢s office Barry is sitting in his office behind his desk, a position that emphasises his authority. Speaking directly to camera, Barryââ¬â¢s statement hints strongly that he is more than an impartial judge at the dance competition: ââ¬Å"You can dance any steps you like, but that doesnââ¬â¢t mean youââ¬â¢llâ⬠¦ win. â⬠ââ¬Å"Letââ¬â¢s not forget, Les, that a Pan-Pacific Champion becomes a hero, a guiding light to all dancers. Someone whoââ¬â¢ll set the right exampleâ⬠¦ I love dancing, Les, and I wonââ¬â¢t let what weââ¬â¢ve fought for all these years be destroyed. â⬠The film then cuts to an obviously drunk Ken Railings dancing with Liz, providing an ironic comment on what exactly Barry Fife has fought for all these years. Practising for the Pan-Pacifics (Sequence 6) Barryââ¬â¢s version of Dougââ¬â¢s downfall When Barry tells Scott that Dougââ¬â¢s crazy steps lost the 1967 Pan-Pacifics for Shirley and Doug, the audience does not yet know the truth. Barryââ¬â¢s fake version of events is conveyed to us through a flashback sequence, which he narrates. The past is depicted as a drama, a playwithin-a-play in which Barry, naturally is represented positively. His version of the past is designed to create a rosy nostalgia, ut his words sound unconvincing and false: The film language used during this scene conveys Barryââ¬â¢s untrustworthy nature. The ADDITIONAL EXPLORATIONS 1 The final sequence at the Pan-Pacifics reveals acts of heroism by other characters in the film. Name the characters involved, and describe the actions they take that might be considered heroic. 2 From your study of Strictly Ballroom as well as other comparative texts, compare the heroic qualities of each of the main protagonists. In what ways are they similar/different? The Pan-Pacific Grand Prix Dance Championships (Sequence 7) Barry falls and knocks over the trophies Les that he wants Scott to dance with Tina Sparkle. To the tune of Danny Boy in the background, Barry makes a sentimental 1 How does the film communicate that Barry Fife is a villain? Comment on the film language used and refer to selected key moments in your response. 2 Is Barry Fife more than just a villain? Are there any reasons why we might feel sympathy for him in the film? we used to scruff it togetherâ⬠¦ Lessieââ¬â¢d come along of course. The three of us together, the old gang. We were a bunch of old funsters. â⬠State Championships (Sequence 4) Barry talks to Les Barryââ¬â¢s motives become clearer as he tells STUDENT EXPLORATIONS I was your dadââ¬â¢s best mate in those days, lighting is shadowy and the camera zooms in to a close-up of his mouth when he says the word ââ¬Å"win,â⬠which echoes ominously. Barryââ¬â¢s sudden and dramatic fall from power, his hairpiece has fallen off and the trophies are scattered around him. After Barryââ¬â¢s schemes have been foiled, one of the last images we see of him is when he literally topples over the trophy STRICTLY BALLROOM 17 APPENDIX A BAZ LUHRMANN INTERVIEW FII: When did you first see cinematic overcoming seemingly impossible odds, on the culture of Australia. But beyond that, possibilities for Strictly Ballroom? BL: Well, what happened was I did it as a and itââ¬â¢s finally about the fact that the young David with the belief, comes up because it is David and Goliath, and because there was an election campaign at play and then I met this producer and he said, look Iââ¬â¢d like to buy the rights, and I with the solutionâ⬠¦ No one wanted to finance the film, I was a first-time director, the time about republicanism it had political implications too. The all-powerful said, well Iââ¬â¢d like to make a film of it and they agreed to let me do the film. But I you know what I mean, there were lots of noââ¬â¢s. I went to Cannes the year before and Federation, they have a very particular Australian attitude, which is an old guy always thought it would be a film and I always thought it would be a musical as doors were slammed in my face. Not twelve months later the same people that going, ââ¬Å"Thereââ¬â¢s only one way to cha cha cha mate, and youââ¬â¢ve got to do it that way or well. I mean all our films we make have this cinema form which we call had said, ââ¬Å"What a waste of timeâ⬠¦ â⬠were like crying with tears going, ââ¬Å"Remember else. â⬠It started to smash away at that. FII: What films have influenced you? I theatricalised cinema, red curtain cinema Strictly Ballroom, Romeo and Juliet and How to cite Strictly Ballroom, Essay examples naecethinri1975http://www.blogger.com/profile/01751708885366528339noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4483274971755264686.post-36195467865752654592020-05-04T17:21:00.001-07:002020-05-04T17:21:02.986-07:00Albert Einstein Essay free essay sample The lack of ethos made the argument less effective because even though Albert Einstein is one of the most famous scientists of the twentieth century, he did not show any credibility that he had towards the argument. Yes he might have won a Nobel Prize for Physics, but that does not mean he knows anything about religion, also being the only scientist responding to Phyllisââ¬â¢s question, Einstein does not necessarily have the correct answer because he does not give the point-of-view of the other scientists. Yes, Einstein was most likely one of the only known scientist at the time, and for that reason he would be the ââ¬Å"go-toâ⬠guy, for this question, but that does not give him much credibility for this question. The lack of pathos made the argument less effective because he did not show any emotion towards the reader, Phyllis Wright. Einstein should have showed more compassion towards Phyllis because she was merely a 6th grader, not one of his colleagues. We will write a custom essay sample on Albert Einstein Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Yes, Einstein had many facts on why scientists may or may not pray, but by the way he worded the response, it seemed that he did not take into consideration that Phyllis was just a young girl. He also says that ââ¬Å"a research scientist will hardly be inclined to believe that events could be influenced by a prayer,â⬠thus making it seem that there was no reason for Phyllis to even ask the question, thus making her feel like she just wasted his time asking him the question. His answer too was not straightforward, due to how he would say one thing and then went on saying something else that would go against his first argument by doing this; he is making it difficult for Phyllis to comprehend what he is trying to say. If he were to use more pathos the argument would be more effective because it allows the reader to feel what the writer is feeling. Einstein did not lack logos, but he did fail to give a straight forward answer which in turn made the made the argument ineffective. He uses the ââ¬Å"Red Herring Fallacyâ⬠in order to divert attention from the original question. For example he stated â⬠the belief in the existence of basic all-embracing laws in Nature also rests on a sort of faithâ⬠which has nothing to do with the question on whether scientist pray or not. Using this fallacy makes Phyllisââ¬â¢s attention to her question divert from whether or not scientist pray to, whether or not there is a god. Einsteinââ¬â¢s use of logos was used greatly throughout his argument, but he must remember that he is talking to a young girl and should not be talking to her as if it was one of his colleagues, so there is a chance that she did not comprehend the argument thoroughly. Because Einsteinââ¬â¢s argument lacked ethos and pathos, as well as not giving a straight forward answer, it was ineffective. The fact that he lacked ethos, made this essay ineffective because being a scientist does not give him any credibility towards religion. The lack of pathos, made this argument ineffective because he needs to make the reader feel the way he felt while writing this response. The way he worded the response made the argument unclear of what he wanted to say, which made the reader unsure of what his stand on the question was. Ethos, pathos, and logos are all necessary when attempting to make an effective argument, but Einstein seemed to have left some of these key factors out of his argument. naecethinri1975http://www.blogger.com/profile/01751708885366528339noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4483274971755264686.post-35036554309167659162020-03-29T22:57:00.001-07:002020-03-29T22:57:03.688-07:00How to Get a Logo Designed for Your WordPress Website Logos may be small in size, but theyre as important as any of your sites other elements. If your logo is designed poorly, people may be turned off before consuming any of your content. So if you want a logo that looks professional, you need to learn how to get a logo designed for your WordPress website.Fortunately, you dont have to create the logo yourself. Finding freelance designers online is now easier than ever. There are plenty of platforms with thousands of talented people competing against each other for work, so you can have your pick of top talent. All you need to know is where to look for it.In this article, were going to talk a bit more about what makes logos so important. Then well compare four platforms where you can get a logo designed for your website. Lets begin! Logos are essential parts of your brand, just like the ThemeIsle parrot is for us!A lot of people commission simple logos without thinking twice about it and use them even if theyre of poor quality. Sure, you may save money by paying for a cheap logo or creating one yourself, but this isnt often the best idea.Lets talk about why logos matter:Logos represent your brand.à Your logo should go on all your website pages, emails, social media accounts, and more. Its an importantà representation of your business.They can impact how visitors perceive you.à The shape of your logo can actually impact visitors perceptionsà of your brand.Changing logos can be confusing.à You can always update your logo if you got it wrong the first time, but that can be confusing for your audience.Logos are so important that some companies spend thousands or millions of dollars to find the right design. You can get a lot of mileage out of a smaller budget, however, as long as you know where and how to get a logo designed online.Four platforms where you can get a logo designed for your WordPress websiteYou can find talented freelance designers on any of the platforms below. However, they all work somewhat differently and offer talent at various rates. If you have a strict budget, pay attention to the expected price ranges for each platform.1. 99designs99designs is one of our favorite platforms because it provides you with a ton of options. The way it works is that you can start a contest any time you want by describing what youd like to commission, waiting for submissions to come in, and then picking your favorite. The winner receives a cash prize, and you get to use their design.To launch a contest, youll need to pay for a logo design package. 99designs offers four tiers of packages,à starting at $299. Competitions at that level usually receive an average of 30 submissions, so youll get a lot of options.2. FiverrFiverr gets a bad rap sometimes, due to its lower than average prices. However, you can find some excellent design talent here if youre willing to take the time to vet them carefully. This platform enables you to look specifically for designers who create logos, so all you have to do is sort through them.Fortunately, it isnt difficult to learn how to spot top Fiverr sellers.Once youve picked a seller, youll have to choose one of their design packages. Typically, the cheaper they are, the fewer options youll get (such as vector files, social media covers, and more). Youà canà find some excellent logo designers starting at $5 on the platform. However, most serious sellers make those packages very bare-bones. For a better experience, youll want to budget at least $30.3. DesignhillDesignhill takes a two-pronged approach to design jobs. It enables you to hold contests (much like 99designs) and buy ready-made logo designs. We dont recommend using that latter approach, however, since logos should ideally be designed from the ground up to suit your sites brand.That said, Designhill is an excellent choice if you like the contest approach to logo design, but you want to use a more affordable service than 99designs. Logo design contest packages start at $99 on this platform. For that price, you can expect to receive over 20 designs on average. Most contests usually get more, but it varies depending on the industry youre a part of.4. AwesomeWebAwesomeWeb is very different from the platforms weve reviewed so far. It enables you to hire freelancers one on one and pay them based on how much time it takes to design your logo. The platform carefully vets each freelancer before admitting them and enables them to set the hourly rates they want.This means there are fewer options, but the quality of what you get can be higher than on other platforms. Logo designers at AwesomeWeb average hourly rates of over $30,à andà they may set a minimum project rate. In most cases, youll be looking at more than $300 for a logo design.How to choose the right logo design platform for youAs you can imagine, theres not a single platform that fits the bill for every type of customer. Lets briefly recap how you can commission a logo on each of the options abo ve, along with their average prices:Where to get a logo designed for your WordPress sitePlatformHow you get your logo designedStarting prices99designsContestsFrom $299 for multiple submissionsFiverrOne-on-one commissionsAs low as $5, but you should expect at least $30 for good workDesignhillContests and pre-made logosFrom $99à for multiple submissionsAwesomeWebOne-on-one commissionsMost freelancers start at about $30 per hourIf you have the budget for it, 99designs is your best option for getting a custom logo designed. You get access to dozens of designs for a set price, and the talent tends to be top-notch. Designhill is a bit hit-and-miss when it comes to quality, but its a more budget-friendly option. AwesomeWeb is where youll want to go if youd like a logo designed to your precise requirements, and Fiverr is the place to start if your budget is very tight.ConclusionThe right logo can bolster your brand and help your website feel professional and memorable. Some companies spen d extravagant amounts of money on their designs, but these days, a few hundred dollars is more than enough to afford you a stylish logo. Whats more, there are even some budget options if you dont want to spend that much.As far as were concerned, these four platforms are some of the best places to get a logo designed for your WordPress website:99designs:à The perfect place to hold logo design contests for a set price.Fiverr:à One of the best platforms to commission designs on a budget.Designhill:à This service also enables you to host contests, and at lower prices than 99designs.AwesomeWeb:à If you want to work with top design talent on a one-on-one basis, this is the platform for you.(Bonus!) DesignContest:à If you want to get inspiring unique logo design by running a contest.(Bonus!) DesignBold:à You can create a decent logo yourself by using online tools such as DesignBold. Its free!Do you have any questions about where or how to get a logo designed for your website? A sk them in the comments section below! Here's where to get a #logo designed for your #WordPress site naecethinri1975http://www.blogger.com/profile/01751708885366528339noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4483274971755264686.post-36134323996228782842020-03-07T10:27:00.001-08:002020-03-07T10:27:03.762-08:00Personality theories the nature of the beingPersonality theories the nature of the being The thirst for the understanding of human nature is one of the main reasons why scientists spend most of their lives experimenting on ideas and forming theories that explain why certain things are the way they are and the effect that they have on a person, in cases where the attainment of tangible results to the experiments is not possible.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Personality theories: the nature of the being specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For instance, various theories explain why people act the way they do and the possible causes for such actions. Different scholars express their ideologies on the nature of the being from different perspectives and using different elements such as morality and personality. Of concern to this paper is the aspect of personality. This paper is a discussion on the views of different scholars on how personality affects or contributes to the nature of a person. One of the theor ies that explain personalities is Sigmund Freudââ¬â¢s id, ego, and super ego theory. Duane Schultz, a professor of psychology at the University of South Florida, together with his wife, Sydney Ellen Shultz, have written an informative book that contains an analytical view of some of the major theories, including that of Sigmund Freud. The book titled Theories of Personality has the intention of help other scholars, with an interest in the subject, to understand the various theories applicable. The book explains that Sigmund Freud was the founder of the Psychoanalytical theory on personalities. His theory is more of an analytical explanation of the nature of people using their personality as the basis. In the Freudian theory, Schultz explains that personality ââ¬Å"is divisible into three components, viz. the id, the ego and the super egoâ⬠(Schultz Schultz, 2008, p.73). The ââ¬Ëidââ¬â¢ acts according to the pleasure principle, thus desiring pleasure without the consi deration of the environment. The ââ¬Ëegoââ¬â¢ becomes operational at this point, with its function being to synchronize the desires of the id with the environment, thus meeting the desires in accordance to reality. The ââ¬Ësuper egoââ¬â¢ applies societal ideals and moral judgment upon the ego thus resulting in actions that are both realistic and moral (Myers, 2010).Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Alfred Alder, a neo-Freudian scholar supports Freudââ¬â¢s theory while creating an extension of it, with the view that early childhood experiences determine an adultââ¬â¢s personality. Most Neo-Freudian scholars have used the Freudian theory in the development of their own theories similar to that of Freud with minor differences. According to Adler, early childhood experiences determine the personality of a person in his or her adulthood (Gazzaniga Heatherton, 2 006). He adds that the birth order is also a contributory aspect. In explaining this assertion, Adler points out that the oldest child in a family has the tendency to be an over achiever in a bid to make up for the loss of attention, which is caused by the birth of other children into the family. He describes the middle children as ambitious and competitive, mainly aiming to surpass the first-born child, although not for the same reasons. He describes the youngest children in the family as being more secure about themselves and more dependent on others (Schultz Schultz, 2008). Although Adlerââ¬â¢s theory is an extension of the Freudian theory, it also possesses some descriptive qualities as opposed to Freudââ¬â¢s work that is purely analytical. He gives the reason behind the characteristic nature of the first child, but only describes that of the other children in a family setting (Marcus, 2004). This perspective is easy to relate to and essentially true as most siblings seem ingly have the opinion that their parents judge them according to the actions of the eldest child. However, first-born children do not always seek attention. Sometimes they act according to the manner the parents describe, such as setting examples for younger siblings to follow. This theory is plausible and easy to relate to for most people. Another theory that borrows Freudââ¬â¢s view is that of Heinz Kohut, who uses the Freudian theory to introduce the idea of mirroring and idealization, suggesting that children need to develop particular skills in life through the internalization of circumstances. For instance, when a child cries and he or she does not get anyoneââ¬â¢s attention, he or she is likely to develop ways of soothing him or herself. This is especially true for children who come from large families and thus cannot always get attention when they desire it. Just as is the case with Alder, Heinz does not provide a full analysis to include the reason for such behavior. The two scholars offer a more social view of the theory as opposed to Freudââ¬â¢s analytical view. Karen Horney offers a female perspective to the discussion with her contribution to the theory.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Personality theories: the nature of the being specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Karen introduces the concepts of the ââ¬Ëreal selfââ¬â¢ and the ââ¬Ëideal selfââ¬â¢, stating that each individual possesses both. She describes the ââ¬Ëreal selfââ¬â¢ as the manner in which humans act regarding morals, values, and personality while the ââ¬Ëideal selfââ¬â¢ is an individualââ¬â¢s construction that enables conformity with personal and societal norms (Feist Feist, 2009). Although her perspective is plausible, sometimes peopleââ¬â¢s individual personalities coincide with societyââ¬â¢s expectations, negating the need for the ideal self. An example of this is an indivi dual prefers talking only when necessary, a characteristic that also suits societyââ¬â¢s expectations. The behavioral theory is another example of an analytical viewpoint of the nature of a being, whereby theorists try to explain human behavior or personality by analyzing the effects of external factors on the behavior of a person. One of the proponents of this theory is B. F. Skinner. He came up with the ââ¬Ëstimulus-response-consequenceââ¬â¢ model of analysis. Scientific thinking and experimentation are characteristics of this theory as opposed to theories such as the trait theory. Skinner proposes the concept that people respond more frequently in certain ways if they perceive previous success of such actions. He gives the example that a baby cries to draw attention the same act has shown success in prior similar circumstances. Crying, in this case, is a response to a stimulus, while attention is the consequence. The stimulus is the circumstance that would cause the chil d to cry for attention. Such behavior, over time, embeds in the child and thus becomes part of his or her personality. The determinant question in understanding the nature of the person is the circumstances under which the organism (person) engages in a particular behavior or response. However, there arises a weakness in this theory, which is the fact that the description of a personality indicates a sense of permanence and uniqueness of behavior. The circumstances or stimulus in a personââ¬â¢s childhood changes as the child grows. The implication that this aspect has is that the personality of the person also changes as the person grows, thus eroding the sense of permanence in the description of personality. Therefore, although Skinner presents a different perspective from Adler and Heinz, his theory contains a weakness.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The trait theory suggests that traits have the characteristic of a wholesome definition of people. Theorists are of the opinion that traits are relatively constant and rarely change with time. Anther characteristics that traits possess is that they are bipolar, which means that they dwell on extremities. This aspect means, for instance, that a person is either good or evil and not in between the two. There are three main assumptions that proponents of this theory agree on; firstly, they agree that traits are stable with time. Secondly, theorists presume that traits possess a characteristic ability to influence behavior in addition to bearing significant differences in every individual. Based on these assumptions, traits thus cause uniqueness in the personality of different people, hence making it possible for personality to be a distinguishing characteristic in people. Gordon Allport is one of the proponents of this theory and makes his contribution by stating that different traits mould the nature of a person by influencing his or her behavior, giving classifications to traits. He presents different classifications of traits including cardinal traits, common traits, and central traits (Allport, 1937). Central traits, he explains, are present in every individual and are thus inherent. Cardinal traits are different from central traits in that they are the traits that give a strong recognition to an individual, and therefore bring out his or her uniqueness. Common traits underscore the category that is different from cardinal traits as they bear cultural influence. As such, common traits thus differ within various cultures according to the prescriptive norms applicable. Raymond Cattel agrees with Gordon adding that the definition of personality forms in terms of behavioral prediction (Schultz Schultz, 2008). Predictable behavior is in his view what personality consists of and forms its definition. A person who believes easily, for instance, has the characterist ic of being gullible, which forms his or her personality. Lewis Goldberg contributes to this theory by proposing that there are five dimensions of personality. Theorists refer to this formulation as the ââ¬ËBig Five modelââ¬â¢. The five dimensions include openness to experience, which is evident in the tendency to be imaginative and the other extreme being conformity. The second dimension is conscientiousness, which is a tem that he uses in the definitions of extremes such as being careful and constructive or careless and impulsive. Thirdly, he includes extraversion, which defines the ability to be sociable and affectionate or the lack of it. Agreeableness is the forth component and neurotism the last (Goldberg, 1990). One of the notable weaknesses of this theory, in comparison with others such as the psychoanalytical and behavioral theories, is that the trait theory is descriptive as it only gives the characteristics of behaviors that people portray and not the underlying cau ses of such behaviors. The latter theories are analytical as they focus on the reasons for behavior as part of the nature of people. Alfred Adler, for instance, gives the reason for the tendency of first-born children to be overachievers as a means of regaining attention lost due to the birth of other children. Sigmund Freud also gives an explanation as to the reason that behavior is realistic and moral. Understanding the nature of a person largely depends on a personââ¬â¢s understanding of why people act in certain ways in certain circumstances. For instance, Heinz Kohut, a proponent of the psychoanalytical theory, explains that children cry in order to attract attention and that they do so as the action has had prior success in attaining what they want. The different propositions from the different proponents of this theory also bear their own personal weaknesses and strengths. For instance, Allportââ¬â¢s classification of ââ¬Å"central traits suggests that these traits are unique to specific individualsâ⬠(Feist Feist, 2009, p.112), which is difficult to determine as many people bear astounding similarities in their traits. Cattelââ¬â¢s theory bears truth as the entire purpose of personality identification lays basis on predictability of traits. The personal construct theory has the characteristics of being both analytical and experimental as it suggests that people have the ability of identifying their own personality by analyzing past experiences. Its main purpose, as psychologists apply it, is to enable a person to understand the nature of another person. However, it can also enable a person to understand himself or herself. An American psychologist, George Kelly, came up with the theory in the 1950s. George was of the idea that each person is a scientist in one form or the other by experimenting on situations and outcomes from childhood (Myers, 2010). He gave an example similar to Heinz Kohutââ¬â¢s by suggesting that a child cries in order to experiment on the effect that it has and enable him or her to predict the results of his or her actions. The circumstances that individuals experiment on change as a person grows and according to the issue the person chooses to focus on. Kelly was of the idea that each ââ¬Å"personââ¬â¢s task in understanding his or her own psychology was putting facts of his or her own experiencesâ⬠¦the theory suggests that for individuals to understand their environments, they come up with theories based on their interpretations of observations and experiencesâ⬠(Goldberg, 1990, p.88). Kelly refers to these theories as constructs and adds that they form the basis of each personââ¬â¢s perception of reality (Schultz Schultz, 2008). It is possible for people to form the character of a person by the set of constructs they apply to him or her, like greedy or generous. This theory suggests that constructs are bipolar in nature as they have two extremes on which people or circum stances fall on, depending on the person making the construct. Apart from the fact that constructs allow people to categorize other people and predict their actions, listening to another personââ¬â¢s constructs provides psychologists with information from which inferences of the personââ¬â¢s personality is possible. This aspect enables psychologists to understand the nature of the person. The personal construct theory enables people to understand their own nature and come up with personal solutions to problems. It is similar to the psychoanalytical theory, as it is analytical and experimental in nature. The technique used by psychologists in the application of this theory is the repertory grid technique, which involves identifying ways that a person interprets his or her own experiences and using the information to form a conclusion of his or her character, thus enabling the prediction of future behaviors under specific circumstances. This ideology bears significant resemblanc e to Cattelââ¬â¢s idea of predictability of behavior. The social learning theory forms part of the social cognitive theories in the same category as the personal construct theory, emphasizing on memory and the environment as determinants of personalities. This theory ââ¬Å"suggests that memory or cognition and the environment interact to form a personââ¬â¢s personality through the molding of his or her behaviorâ⬠(Buss Greiling, 1999, p.211). The theory proposes that peopleââ¬â¢s behavior is resultant of what s/he learns from others through observation and modeling. Modeling is descriptive of the art of doing as others do. One of the proponents of this theory, Albert Bandura, is of the view that there exist three variables, each with the ability to influence the other. The three variables are ââ¬Å"the person, the environment and behaviorâ⬠(Buss Greiling, 1999, p.241). Bandura is of the view that these three variables are inter-connected, thus causing a chang e in one to affect the other. Some of the forms of modeling he mentions are imitation, which is the use of a personââ¬â¢s behavior as stimulus for oneââ¬â¢s actions, vicarious punishment, which he describes as an indication of unacceptable behavior, and vicarious reinforcement, which consists of enforcing acceptable behavior. This theory is analytical in the sense that individuals analyze the environment and the behavior of others in the formation of their own (Marcus, 2004). This aspect makes it similar to the psychoanalytical and behavioral theories. Another similarity is that these theories use the result of an action in the determination of actions that people continuously practice, thus forming behavioral patterns and personalities. It is part of cognitive psychology as the memory of an individual is essential in the determination of future reactions to circumstances. The humanistic and positive psychology theories are similar as they both focus on human need as the main determinant of a personââ¬â¢s personality. According to Maslow (1999), the humanistic theory suggests that in the determination of personality, a person should look at behavior done out of free will in order to understand the nature of a person. Positive psychology, which Robert White proposes, suggests that personality is based on the human need to strive for positive goals like influence and power (White Watt, 1981). Both theories are analytical, describing the reason behind certain behavior. Although both theories are plausible, they are both inconclusive and bear different weaknesses. Maslowââ¬â¢s theoryââ¬â¢ weakness is that most of the time, people portray their personality traits, whether they act of their own free will or as results of coercion. For instance, a person under coercion to kill another, as part of their personality, may accept to shoot or refuse. Robert theoryââ¬â¢s weakness lies in the fact that not all people strive for positive goals. Laziness is a personality trait that suggests that a person is not bothered about attaining positive goals. In conclusion, all these theories bear plausible suggestions as well as a few weaknesses, but they bear one thing in common, viz. they aid in the understanding of human nature by attempting to explain personality through different viewpoints. Reference List Allport, W. (1937). Personality: The Psychological Interpretation. New York, NY: Holt, Reinhart Winston. Buss, M., Greiling H. (1999). Adaptive Individual Differences. Journal of Personalityà 67(2), 209-243. Feist, J., Feist, G. (2009). Theories of Personality. Boston, MA: McGraw Hill Higher Education. Gazzaniga, S., Heather, T. (2006). Psychological Science: Mind, Brain and Behavior,à New York, NY: W. W. Norton. Goldberg, R. (1990). An Alternative ââ¬Å"Description of Personalityâ⬠. The Big-Five Factor Structure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59(6), 1216-29. Marcus, G. (2004). The Birth of the Mind. New York, NY: Basic Books. Maslow, H. (1999). Towards a Psychology of Being. New York, NY: Wiley. Myers, D., (2010). Psychology. New York, NY: Worth Publishers. Schultz, P., Schultz, S. (2008). Theories of Personality (9th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth. White, R., Watt, N. (1981). The Abnormal Personality (5th ed.). New York, NY: John Wiley Sons. naecethinri1975http://www.blogger.com/profile/01751708885366528339noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4483274971755264686.post-50062039717450004362020-02-20T01:54:00.001-08:002020-02-20T01:54:02.833-08:00Research philosophies and principles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1Research philosophies and principles - Essay Example For tourism research, this becomes important as it alters the data and conclusions which are drawn with the tourist research and the ideologies and philosophies which are approached from this. The result is a variety of different results that create diversity of thought in how tourism is approached. Genres of Heritage Authenticity The first article described is based on the evaluation of authenticity on heritage environments. The heritage environments are known to shift because of the exceptional, referential and influential components which are associated with this. The sociological relationship to the sites is what partly determines the authenticity of the site as opposed to it being a space which holds multiple meanings. The epistemological approach used with this particular study included a set of definitions and philosophies from past researchers. This included the defining of ethnicity, cultural attributes and the meaning behind the heritage sites and what this was inclusive of . This is combined with the artifacts that are in the region, including cultural activities and the different elements that define the authenticity of a specific site. The epistemological ideologies combine with ontological approaches which are based on the definitions of a heritage site and the categorization that the author creates from the research. The theories combine with the understanding of the current study, which examines the Greek area of Mount Athos to define the different theories of heritage and how this changes with the approaches taken. The methodological views expand on this to define the genres of authenticity into different categories, specifically which relate to the needs with tourism and the influences which are created. From observation of the different heritage sites, conclusions are drawn which relate back to the theory and which divide the heritage sites by levels of authenticity (Konstantinos, 2011). Forecasting Tourist Arrivals The second methodological a pproach is with the article on ââ¬Å"Forecasting Tourist Arrivals.â⬠This study looked into how to move toward the short ââ¬â term implications of future tourism demand as well as how this led to macroeconomic shocks. The philosophy was one which defined that tourist demand had a large impact on the macroeconomy and which was based on the scope, duration and magnitude of the particular implication. The epistemological basis of this particular study was based on looking at the Growth Domestic Product (GDP) and looking at the literature which focused on how the demands and arrivals dramatically affected the macroeconomy. The concepts of price competitiveness, tourism demand and the knowledge of how to indicate future arrivals were all considered with this approach. The ontological approach combined with this by looking at how the short ââ¬â term predictions for tourism was directly affected by how one responded to the macroeconomy and the shifts which were made. Models w ere combined with this, including ARIMA, MAE and RMSE, which defined the average number of changes and predictions as a part of the tourism. The methodology looked at the consumer price indexes and consumer confidence indicators with tourism in Greece while comparing this to the macroeconomy and unemployment trends. The impulse response function combined with this to create an understanding to the tourism arrivals which was able to predict the future trends for the naecethinri1975http://www.blogger.com/profile/01751708885366528339noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4483274971755264686.post-36905964380486611802020-02-04T15:16:00.001-08:002020-02-04T15:16:02.374-08:00Camp Nou Stadium Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 wordsCamp Nou Stadium - Research Paper Example Camp Nou Stadium Camp nou is the largest football stadium in Spain and the second largest football stadium in Europe. It is located in Barcelona and seats 99354 people in a football match but in any match organized by the UEFA the stadium is reduced to 96336 people per stadium. The stadium has hosted many matches and was one of the stadiums that hosted the 1992 summer Olympics that was held in Spain. Construction of this amazing football stadium started on the 28th match of 1954. This was because the previous Barcelona stadium camp de les corts could not be expanded anymore and so the then government decided to build another bigger stadium that could accommodate all the crazy soccer fans who were increasing in number daily and increased revenue to the government. This construction began in front of more than 60000 fans of the Barcelona football club team watching the construction. Before the construction began, Archbishop of Barcelona laid the ground with prayers before the civil gov ernor of Barcelona preceded by laying down the first stone to mark the beginning of the construction. The architectures in the team were Francesca Titans, Lorenzo Garcia and Josep soteras. The construction ended on 24 September 1957 and since then it has been the official Barcelona football club stadium. This means that the construction took more than three years. After its construction, the constructor later had many tenders for more construction and the architects behind the design of the stadium were given several awards for being the best designers. Culture and society The stadium was built in a culture that was characterized by mad football support and competition with opponent football club Real Madrid that at the time had the largest soccer stadium. This led to the Barcelona fans to want a stadium that could host more people and help them be proud of it, as it was larger than the opponentââ¬â¢s stadium. The construction of the stadium was seen as an opportunity for the rep utable Spanish architectures to show off their architectural skills to the population by designing the best stadium ever. Therefore, the panel picked the best stadium that they felt was affordable and could last for a longer period. Foster and collaborates were the contractors they finally won the tender to build the stadium. At the time of its building, many people were fascinated by the way, that football stadiums were being built in Europe starting with the construction of Old Trafford stadium which was one of the state of the art stadiums at the time. After this, many club supporters across Europe wanted to help in the building of similar stadiums with the same capacity or even more. At this time, there were several universities that offered different courses in architecture and there were different competition on who could design and build the most efficient and best clubs. There were also upcoming technologies that were used in the building process that was of importance. Cons truction of the stadium Constructed in 1957, the tools and the methods of construction are not so different from those that are currently used. However, there is a slight difference in the tools, the materials, and the labour that was used. Trucks did transportation and cranes did loading. Since the Portland cement used in the making of concrete was not far from the site off construction, the transportation did not take a lot of time. Cranes were then used to uplift the building materials to greater heights and the major naecethinri1975http://www.blogger.com/profile/01751708885366528339noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4483274971755264686.post-89236672938700368472020-01-27T11:39:00.001-08:002020-01-27T11:39:07.912-08:00Coronary heart disease in LondonCoronary heart disease in London Mortality rates due to Coronary heart disease are increasing in the London and its one of the borough Newham. Newham has second height rates of early death due to cardiovascular disease (Newham PCT 2007). 68% of total population are South Asian origin ( Newham, 2008). This eassy is examine the distribution of coronary heart disease among the South Asian community in the London borough of Newham. It will look the demography and ethnicity of borough by using various epidermiolgical data to follow the situation of coronary heart disease among the various community of South Asian ethnic groups.It will also disscuss the mortality rates due to coronary heart disease in different boroughs of London. In addition, it will also disscuss the social and other factors that is responseable for coronary heart disease in the South Asian population in the borough. And at last it will discuss the various international, national and local policies and from the various service gaps it will give some re commendation and ended with conclusion. Coronary heart disease is the one of the main cause of death in the whole world, accounting 18 million death s each year (33% of total death in each year) (World Health Organization, 2001 ). Mortality rates vary considerably between countries, being lower in Japan and Mediterranean countries such as France, Spain, Portugal and Italy, and highest in eastern European countries such as Latvia and Lithuania (World health organization). Around 50% of these deaths are from CHD and further 25% from stroke. Cardiovascular disease mortality rates in the UK are currently amongst the highest in the world, accounting for 36% of premature deaths in men ( those aged less then 75 years ) and 75% amongst women . (sara stanner, 2005,p1 p5 ) Death rates from coronary heart disease are higher in south Asian (Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi) men and women than general population of United Kingdom. Across all the age groups, the death rates are 40% higher in south Asian community, with a two fold excess of deaths in south Asian men before the age of 40. South Asian women are affected at later stage. The high death rates due to coronary heart disease are common feature of all the main groups of coming from south Asia. ( Paul McKeigue Leena Sevak, 1994, p1). London, the capital of England and U.K, is the worlds ninth largest city. It has 32 boroughs, of which 13 are situated in the inner London and 19 are situated in outer London. It is the second largest region in terms of total population, accounting for 12 per cent of the UK total. There were 7.6 million residents in 2007.( National Statistics 2009 ). Newham is one of the boroughs of London. The population of Newham is about 262,116 in 2008. The age structure of the population of Newham is predominantly young as shown on the fig1 Source: Joint Strategic Needs Assessment 2008 Only 8% of populations are over 65 years old, compared to national average of 16%. This is the second lower proportion of older people in the country.35% of population are under 25, highest proportion in the country. 22% population is under 15 years old, compared to national average, which is 18%.The population of Newham is estimated to have grown by 7.5 % between the 2001 National Census ( 243,891) and 2008 ( 262,116 ). Two thirds (68%) of population of Newham are usually BMI groups. The largest group was estimated to be South Indian (32%) of which Indian (12%), Pakistani (10%), Bangladeshi (10%).There is also significant numbers of Black African(15%) and Black Caribbean(7%) people in 2006. A large number of people who live in this borough come from outside of the UK. 38% of boroughs population was born outside of the UK. This includes a significant number of people who came as asylum seekers or refugees. There is a marked change in the ethnic composition of wards in Newham between 1991 and 2001. There was an inverse relation ship between the proportion of White resident and Asian. Normally, the wards with high proportion of white residents had a low proportion of Asian residents and vice versa. For example, in Green Street east ward 65% was Asian where only 16% was white resident. In contract, in Royal dock, 61% of population was white and only 7% wa s Asian (Newham, 2008) Ethnicity by ward in Newham Source: Joint Strategic Needs Assessment 2008 Coronary Heart Disease is the major cause of death in the South Asian population in the UK and the death rates of South Asian population due to CHD is higher than the indigenous white population which is stated 46% higher in men and 51% higher in women in the south Asian community in the United Kingdom. Besides the death rates between the South Asian community and rest of the population is increasing they by day due to slow decreasing rates of mortality in the South Asian community rather than the rest of the population ( DOH, 2003). Coronary Heart Disease is prevalent among the South Asians. South Asian people born in India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Pakistan are approximately 50% more susceptible to die prematurely from coronary heart disease than the general population. A joint report by NHS and British Heart Foundation said that it is not completely uncovered why South Asian suffered more heart disease than the other group of population. There is several hypothesis have been offe red. For example, South Asian are genetically more prone to have coronary heart disease and their back ward socio-economic position may also put them at higher risk. Other risk factor common in South Asians are high level of smoking ( Particularly amongst the Bangladeshi men ), low exercise rate and taking high fat diet and low intake of food and vegetables. In addition to suffering high level of heart disease, evidence shows that Asian communities tends to be diagnosed at late stage of the disease and that leeds to poorer survival rates ( DHSSPS, 2004). . The mortality rates due to coronary heart disease in most deprived 20% areas of England is nearly 60% higher than the mortality rates of the least 20% areas of England for both sex between 2001 to 2006. The most vulnerable groups in the United kingdom for coronary heart disease are the South Asian community. Compared to national average, men born in Pakistan or Bangladesh who live in UK are more than twice chance of die due to coronary heart disease ( British Heart Foundation, 2009). Several risk factors that causes the coronary heart disease is identified after extensive statistical study. There are several risk factors pointed by the American Heart Association of which some of the risk factors can be modified or treat ed and some of the risk factors are not, causes of this risk factors are idiopathic. The major risk factors that cant be changed are usually increasing age, gender and the hereditary factor. Above 83% of people, who died due to coronary heart disease are usually over 65years old. Men are more vulnerable to heart attack then women and they are developing the heart disease early stage of the life then women. The third risk factor is hereditary, means the children are more risk of developing heart disease in their life whose parents are suffering from heart disease as well (American Heart Association, 2009). The other major risk factors that can be modified, controlled or treated to cure are discussed below: SMOKING: The people who smoke usually put themselves 2-4 times more risk to develop coronary heart disease then the non smokers (American Heart Association, 2009). South Asian people usually smoke more than the overall general population. But the level of smoking may differ in various ethnic groups. The level of smoking is relatively high in Bangladeshi community and particularly in older people. 42% people in Bangladeshi community are smoker, where only 27% of general population are smoker. 70% of the older men in Bangladeshi community aged 54-70 are usually smokes and the percentage of smoker in the age range of 30-49 is 54%. Smoking levels of South Asian women are much lower than South Asian men and lower than the women who smoke in general population. But there is marked number of Bangladeshi women (14%) are usually smoking cigarettes (DOH, 2004).Chewing tobacco is common in Bangladeshi community .19% of men and 26% of women in the Bangladeshi community are fond of chewing tobacco. Chewin g tobacco is the main tobacco product among the women of Bangladeshi community ( British Heart Foundation, 2002).Fig-4 shows the prevalence of smoking in Newham, where 46% Bangladeshi men and 33% Pakistani men are smoker and among the women the percentage is Pakistan 4%, India1%, and Bangladesh 1% ( Savings life 2007). DIET : The one of the main reason of high prevalence of coronary heart disease in UK is unhealthy diet. People intake too much saturated fat in their diet and consumption of vegetable and fruit. Total energy receive from the fat by adults is falling in a very slow rate, 40% in mid 1970s and now it is around 37%. Now the food habit of the population is changing and percentage of taking saturated fat are falling from around 19% to around 15%. In contrast, 88% of men and 83% of women still taking saturated fat higher than the normal level. The people are eating more fresh fruits since 1940s but the level of taking vegetable is going low. Now a days only 13% of men and 15% of women are taken the right amount of fruit and vegetable in UK. Among the minor ethnic groups, Indian and Pakistani men and women are taking sufficient amount of fruits (British Heart Foundation, 2009).Normally, Bangladeshi men and women are fond of red meat and fried food so their intake of red meat and fried food is highe r than the other community. On the other hand, the men and the women of the Indian community take red meat less frequently and Indian men are not fond of fried food. This food habits affects the overall fat score. The highest fat score in men is naturally goes to Bangladeshi men (22%) and lowest with the Indian men (11%) men. 27% of Bangladeshi women have high fat score compare to Indian women, they have only 8% of them with high fat score. Bangladeshi adults take the lowest level of fruits. Only 15% of Bangladeshi men and 16% of Bangladeshi women eats fruits more than six times in a week. The Pakistani Community have lowest level of vegetable consumption. Only 7% of men and 11% of women in the Pakistani community takes vegetable more than six times a week (British Heart Foundation, 2002). Physical activity: Physically activities definitely lower the risk of coronary heart disease. As a adults, 30 minutes a moderate physical activities at least five times in a week is good for health. But the Health Survey For England shows that only 40% of men and around 28% of women in this country are as active as the recommend level is. The more recent data obtained from Health Survey For England shows that physical activity is little bit increasing between men and women in all age from 1970 to 2006 ( British Heart Foundation, 2009).South Asian men and women usually avoid the physical activities. Among all the south Asian community, lowest levels are found in Bangladeshi community. Only 18% of Bangladeshi male fulfil the recommend level of physical activities, where the percentage of Bangladeshi women is only 7% (British Heart Foundation, 2002). Overweight and Obesity: Obesity is much lower in Indian, Pakistani and most especially in Bangladeshi men. Bangladeshi men are more then 3 times less obese than the general population. The weight to hip ratio is relatively high in Indian, Pakistani and Bangladeshi men. The percentage of centrally obese Indian men is 41% compare to the general population where the percentage is 28%. Among The women, Pakistani women have low prevalence of obesity and Bangladeshi women have high prevalence of obesity. The level of central obesity of all minor ethnic group women s is higher than the national average ( British Heart Foundation, 2002). Alcohol: Alcohol is relevant to the control of cardio-vascular disease in both ways. First, there is some evidence that shows that moderate alcohol drinking may reduce the risk of heart disease. On the other hand, heavy drinking of alcohol may rise the blood pressure and causes the obesity. Both of them are responsible for increasing the risk of coronary heart disease ( Paul Mckeigue and Leena Sevak, 1994, p19). Adults from all minority ethnic group excluding the Irish community less likely to intake alcohol than the national average of general population. A very small amount of Bangladeshi adults the percentage is less then 5 % and less then 10% of Pakistani adults is ever drinking alcohol at all. Compare to the men , women South Asian community is usually non drinker ( British Heart Foundation, 2002,p109). Blood Pressure: In the report of World Health Organization ( 2002) shows that marked rise of blood pressure is one of the leading risk factor of coronary heart disease (British Heart Foundation,2009). Blood pressure is similar to the levels of the Europeans, in Gujarati Hindus and Pakistani Muslims. The average blood pressure of Bangladeshis are usually lower than the European( Paul Mckeigue and Leena Sevak, 1994,p19). Bangladeshi men have 25% less chance to have high blood pressure than the men of general population. Pakistani women usually have around 25% more chance to grow high blood pressure then the women of general population ( British Heart Foundation, 2002,p130). Psychosocial Well-being: A number of psychosocial factor have been found to associate with the risk of increasing rates of coronary heart disease. They are work stress, lack of social support, depression (including anxiety) and personality (particularly hostility). The General Health Questionnaire ( GHQ12) is used assess the levels of depression, anxiety, disturbance and happiness by the Health Survey for England. It shows that women have high GHQ12 score compared to the men. 18% of women have high score. On the other hand, the percentage of men with high score is only 13%. The younger age groups has lower score then the women and men over the age of 75. There is no strong connection between GHQ12 scores and social class but there is a inverse connection between the GHQ12 scores and income, people who incomes less money usually have high score. Men living in the inner part of the London have more scores than the men of outer London. In case of women, 25% difference between inner Lond on and outer London. Among the ethnic community, Bangladeshis have the highest score followed by the Pakistani community. The percentage of Bangladeshi men and women who have high score is 28% and 30%.According to report, men has less social support then women. 16% of men are reported to have severe lack of social support, where only 12% women claim that they lave lack of social support according to Health Survey for England. Social support also varies with ethnicity. South Asian men and women are more reported to a lack of severe social support. Bangladeshi men are in the highest position with the 37% and Indian women with 34%. Diabetes: Diabetes is one of the major risk factor for coronary heart disease. Men who are suffering from type-2 diabetes have two to four fold of greater risk coronary heart disease. With more risk of coronary heart disease in women. Over 5% of men and 4% of women are suffering from the diagnosed diabetes.The Health survey for England estimate that around 3% of men and 1% women are suffering from diabetes in the UK, which are not diagnosed yet ( British Heart Foundation, 2009). The prevalence of diabetes is much more higher in South Asian community than the general population. In Bangladeshi and Pakistani men and women have the prevalence of diabetes five time higher than the general population( British Heart Foundation, 20002, p-152). The World Health Organization expresses the importance of giving focus on the major known risk factors. Smoking, diet and physical activity associated with other biological factor like blood pressure, dyslipidaemias and obesity is the main risk factor coronary heart disease, so these should be the main focus of the prevention policy. Among all the factors WHO gives more importance to take more steps on tobacco use and obesity ( World Health Organization, 2002). Due to premature mortality rates in the South Asian community ( Indians, Pakistani, Bangladeshis and Sri Lankans) and the rates are higher than national average and the difference in the mortality rates between South Asian Population and white European. Finally, the Campaigns to change the life style organised by NHS is not as effective in South Asian community as the rest of the population. So British Heart Foundation take various activities to fight with coronary heart disease. British Heart foundation produce various videos of different case study in different language for health professionals and carers such as living to prevent heart disease which focuses on prevention and management of coronary heart disease and another one is Get fit, keep fit, and prevent heart disease based on physical activities. Two booklets in Urdu, Hindi, Bengali and English. Looking after your heart which contain the information about prevention and management of coronary heart disease and Medicine for Heart about the drug information. Health advocates project taken by the British Heart Foundation to deals with prevention and management of coronary heart disease in minority groups. This project deals with the training of advocacy worker to act as a interpreter in the minor ethnic groups to translate the situation in their own native language ( /////). British Heart Foundation also run health promotion in the Melas( South Asian fair) where they run a project called QUIT which gives the service of carbon monoxide check, Blood pressure checkand diabetes check ( DOH,2004). Department of health take various policies to prevent the coronary heart disease among the South Asian like Smoking cession service which continue to give advice to qiot smoking(///). To help the South Asian community to give free advice to give up smoking, the NHS has NHS Asian Tobacco Helpline in various language. To increase the physical activity Department of Health launched GP exercise referral schme where GPs are increasing people to take physical activities, Local exercise pilot programme launched at 2003. This project takes different approaches to increase the ethnic communities to take physical activities. Department of Health also take Walking Way to Health project where DOH gives pedometer in various GP centre as a motivational tool to encourage the people to walking. To improve the dietary habit Department of Health took various initiatives such as 5 A DAY initiative where they run cookery classes to increasing the people to take fruit and vegetable. 5 A DAY logo to to give people clear and continious message to eat more fruit and vegetables. Besides that DOH also run a project called school fruit and vegetable scheme where every children( 6-8) will have a piece of fruit or vegetable ( DOH2004). Newham Primary Care Trust also takes some initiatives to prevent coronary heart disease in the South Asian community. Newham Stop smoking Service: This project delivers a evidence based intervention and effective service among the people who want to give up smoke. The hospital smoking service is situated in the Newham university hospital trust in 2005 who give advice to give up smoking among the patient who stay in the hospital. Beside that, as the Newham house hold panel shows that 42% Bangladeshi men 33% and 22% of Pakistani men are smoker the NHS is selecting a advisor in the mosque who will discuss the adverse effect of the smoking and run a anti smoking Champaign in the Ramjan Since 2004( Newham 2007). Physical activities in Newham: Newham Primary Care Trust takes various initiatives to increase the physical activities among its population. Newham Step-o-metre programme to encouraging the patient to take more physical exercise by allowing them to use a free pedometer in short loan period. The Newham gold card system allows its population aged between 5-17 to free entry to Newham leisure club for swimming and other sports. Besides that the trust takes extended school programme and school sport programme( Newham 2007) Newham Fit Club: It is a joint venture by the between the council and PCT launched in 2005.The club gives advice to improve health among the boroughs population. It has two component, open programme for all the resident to increase awareness to improve health and Targeted programme includes a range of physical activities among the Newham employee and senior swims. Food and Nutrition of Newham: There is number of initiatives are taken by the PCT to improve the nutritional status of the population. Food in School is the one project which established in April 2006. It took various steps such as training for the school cook by trained chef, encouraging the people to choose healthier food, a healthy eating theatre production , healthy laucnch packet session for parents etc. There is a pilot programme called Family Life Style programme takes place in autumn of 2005 to increase physical activities, improve the diatary habits and prevent obesity among the children age7-11 ( Newham 2007). After carefully examine the policies I found some service gaps. British Heart Foundation published some videos to improve the awareness among the South Asian community but they dont mention the how it helps the target population, either it was free or people have to buy it. The booklet published in different language is good but it must be insure that it will available to the communities. Department of Health took action against the smoking is good but need more importance. The Asian help line which gives good advice to give up smoking among the South Asian did not say that caller have to pay or not. To increasing the physical activities DOH takes various initiatives but it is too general, as in the South Asian communities, women are also vulnerable to coronary heart disease, but there are no specific policies for women. In the policies to improve the diet Department of Health is focused on the particular age groups rather than the whole population. Newham Primary Care Trust takes va rious initiatives to stop smoking is good, but as the South Asian population is marked smoker need more focus on this communities.To increase the physical activities Newham PCT took various steps but it is more specific about the age and there is no particular steps for women as the South Asian women are conservative in nature and not like to take physical activities in front of male. The steps taken to improve the food habits by the Newham PCT is only based on specific aged groups. As the pattern of food habit is different in South Asian communities so they need more importance in this sector. To improve the situation I have some recommendation in my mind, British Heart Foundation can play theier videos in the South Asian melas where large number of South Asian people can join. Department of Health can make the Smoking quary lines are free of charged. About the policies in physical activities national and local policies are too specific about the aged groups and more generalised. Government and Newham Local Authority can arrange some physical compition like race, marathon etc among the South Asian community so that they can incourage to have more physical activities. To improve the the food habit among the South Asian population I think the best way to trained the South Asian women, because in the South Asian communities usually women are cooking food for all the members. Besides that Government and Local Authority have to give more priorities in education, general health and to provide sufficient house among the South Asian and most importantly create more job vacancies b ecause unemployment is one of the main cause of stress in South Asian community. To conclude, I have to say that South Asian people are distributed largely in the United Kingdom. They are different in religious belief, language and cultural pattern from the indigenous population in the United kingdom. So the risk factors for coronary heart disease is different in South Asian population than the indigenous population. Government should be examine the demography and epidemiological factors, socio-economic factors and various cultural factors that put South Asian population in the Risk of coronary heart disease before making the policies. Reference: Sara Stanner(2005): Cardiovascular Disease: Diet, Nutrition and Emerging Risk Factors, Oxford, Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Petersen, S and Rayner, M (2002): Coronary heart disease statistics, London, British Heart Foundation. McKeigue, P and Sevak, L ( 1994): Coronary Heart Disease in South Asian Communities, London, Health Education Authority. National Statistics (2009): London Population and Migration [online] Available from: http://www.statistics.gov.uk/CCI/nugget.asp?ID=2235Pos=2ColRank=1Rank=326 [accessed 08/0709] Newham.com Publication (2008): Joint Strategic Needs Assessment[online] Available from: http://www.newham.gov.uk/NR/rdonlyres/E21461B5-9D9D-4CED-8689-09AEFE90A385/0/JSNA2008ch1.pdf [accessed 08/07/09] DHSSPS Publications (2004 ) : HEALTH AND SOCIAL WELLBEING: CORONARY HEART DISEASE [Online ] Available From: http://www.dhsspsni.gov.uk/coronaryheartdisease.pdf [accessed 08/07/09 ] Habib Naqvi ( 2003) : Ischaemic heart disease audit of primary care patients ( 2001-2002) : comparisons by age, sex and ethnic group [online] Available from: http://www.dh.gov.uk/en/Healthcare/Coronaryheartdisease/DH_4098644 [accessed13/07/09] Department of Health (2004): Heart disease and South Asians: Delivering the National Service Framework for Coronary Heart Disease [Online] Available from: http://www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics/Publications/PublicationsPolicyAndGuidance/DH_4098586 [accessed13/07/09] British Heart Foundation ( 2009): Coronary Heart Disease Statistics Fact Sheet 2008/2009 [online] Available from: http://www.bhf.org.uk/plugins/PublicationsSearchResults/idoc.ashx?docid=7480f285-ae7c-4a82-9a5e-2645112e279aversion=-1 [accessed13/07/09] World Health Organization (200)2: Life course perspectives on coronary heart disease, stroke and diabetes, Key issues and implications for policy and research [Online] Available from: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2001/WHO_NMH_NPH_01.4.pdf [accessed 07/04/09]. Public Health For Newham ( 2007): Savings Lives 2007 [online] Available from: http://www.newhampct.nhs.uk/savingLives07/Saving%20Lives%202007%20FINAL.pdf [accessed15/07/09] naecethinri1975http://www.blogger.com/profile/01751708885366528339noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4483274971755264686.post-88959494686507092752020-01-19T08:03:00.001-08:002020-01-19T08:03:02.865-08:00Different Themes in the Book Romeo and Juliet EssayBy: Fatima Saleh Shakespeareââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"Romeo and Julietâ⬠, a play of two young lovers from opposing families is mainly based on the theme of love and hate. Love is presented right from the start. Shakespeare used the characters and imagery to portray infatuation love, shallow love, dutiful love, parental love and romantic love or young love. This is arguable one of Shakespeare's most famous plays. This play is indeed relevant to a modern audience. Many teenage couples still experience being together and may still encounter the disapproval of their parents and friends and find it hard to be together.Shakespeare used the relationship of Romeo and Rosaline, Paris and Juliet to present infatuation and shallow love. In the beginning Romeo was terribly in love with Rosaline but the love is not returned which turns out Romeo unrequited love to Rosaline. Romeo: ââ¬Å"Shut up his windows, lock fair daylight out and makes himself an artificial night. â⬠(Act 1, scene 1, 134-13 5). The imagery made a depressed atmosphere, Shakespeare created a difference between light and dark, also portrayed the miserable and sorrowful feeling of Romeo.Same as Paris loved Juliet very much. ââ¬Å"So will ye, I am sure, that you love me. â⬠(Act 5, scene 1, 26) but Juliet didnââ¬â¢t love him back. Dutiful love is a major love that Shakespeare has presented throughout the play, especially in the Capulet family. ââ¬Å"Iââ¬â¢ll look to like, if looking liking move, but no more deep will I end art mine eye than you consent gives strength to make it fly. â⬠(Act 1, scene 3, 99-101) Juliet has always been faithful and dutiful to her parents but became independent after meeting Romeo. ââ¬Å"Not proud you have, but thankful that you have.Proud can I never be of what I hate, but thankful even for hate that is meant love. (Act 3, scene 5, 146-148) Shakespeare has presented dutiful love from Julietââ¬â¢s words and sayings; he also contrasted the change of Julietà ¢â¬â¢s love to her parents before and after meeting Romeo. The fourth theme of love is Parental love it existed in the Montague family, When Romeo falls in love with Rosaline and starts feeling depressed, and his father Montague was so worried about him, so when he started to worry about Romeoââ¬â¢s behaviour he asked for Benvolioââ¬â¢s (his nephew) help .Montagueââ¬â¢s conversation about his sonââ¬â¢s sadness: Both myself and many other friend, But he, advisor to his own affections, Keeps it all to himself ââ¬â I will not say how true, But to himself, so secret and so close, So far from sounding and discovery, Just like a flower bud bit by a worm jealous of its beauty, Before her can bloom and spread his sweet leaves to the air, Or dedicate his beauty to the sun. If we could figure, out why he is so unhappy, we would try to cure him with the same zeal.In this scene Montague is talking to his family, his using personification which is a figure of speech where a com poser has given human qualities to an object or animal. (Just like a flower bud bit by a worm jealous of its beauty before her can bloom and spread his sweet leaves to the air, or dedicate his beauty to the sun. ) To figure out his sonââ¬â¢s sadness. Parental love in the Capulet family, Capulet and Lady Capulet want their daughter to marry Paris ââ¬Å"Marry, my child, early next Thursday morn the gallant. Young and noble gentlemanâ⬠.Paris is accepted by Capulet and glad to marry Juliet but he doesnââ¬â¢t know that Juliet is married to Romeo secretly by Friar Lawrence. In this scene Shakespeare shows that Julietââ¬â¢s family cares about her and they want her to get married and live happy life with the perfect guy. Young love and romantic love in ââ¬Å"Romeo and Julietâ⬠shows the sweetness of love. They experience love at first sight after meeting at her fatherââ¬â¢s party. They did everything possible to be together. Romeo wishes he was a glove to touch her f ace, for that shows passionate love and the power of love that runs into them.Example of young love, Romeo says: ââ¬Å"See, how she learns her cheek upon her hand! O that I were a glove upon that hand that I might touch that cheek. Shakespeare used metaphor in this quote because his saying that he wishes to be a glove to touch her cheek. Also; Juliet says: ââ¬Å"what's in a name? (What does a name mean) That which we call a rose by any other name would smell as sweetâ⬠in this quote he used rhetorical question because Juliet is asking a question to begin a philosophical discussion about Romeoââ¬â¢s true nature, and her question is not supposed to be answered .These quotes show the open love, the unconditionally love between the two lovers ââ¬Å"Romeo and Juliet. Young love is sweet because it allows all emotions to be set free and shows how oneââ¬â¢s life becomes the centre of the others. This was seen in the play as Romeo gives up his live as Juliet does with hers, du e to them not being able to be together. Young love is so intense that ââ¬Å"Romeo and Julietâ⬠are prepared to die for one another. They are passionately, tragically, courageously prepared to do anything for each other. That shows the power of true love between them.For example, when Juliet says: ââ¬Å"â⬠O Romeo, Romeo! Wherefore art thou Romeo? Deny thy father and refuse thy name. Or if thou will not, be but sworn my love. And Iââ¬â¢ll no longer be a Capulet ââ¬Å"Juliet is infatuated towards Romeo, and she will even change from what she is only to be with Romeo. Romeo is to be banished for killing Tybalt, Julietââ¬â¢s cousin and he has to leave her ââ¬Å"What light through yonder window breaks? It is the East, and Juliet is the sun! Arise, fair sun, and kill the envious moon that is already sick and pale with griefâ⬠.The moon usually symbolises light and opportunities, however, in Romeoââ¬â¢s wording, it seems to symbolise his internal feelings of him feeling ââ¬Å"paleâ⬠and ââ¬Å"griefâ⬠as he is drawn away from Juliet and cannot bear to be without her. Romeo despairs that he will never be with his true love again and feels that life is not worth living without her, which is clearly proven at the end when he takes up his life as he could not be with her. When Romeo says: ââ¬Å"My only love sprung from my hate; Too early unknown and known too late. His only love became from his hated generation without him knowing at the beginning yet it was too late to change his feelings towards her. Young love risks danger and can end tragically. The quarrel between ââ¬Å"Romeo and Julietââ¬â¢sâ⬠families doesnââ¬â¢t permit the lovers to show their love publicly however their love is so strong that they are willing to risk danger to themselves and their families. They are willing to go to such extremes to be together that tragedyââ¬â¢s their final end. Both Romeo and Juliet die tragically because of their passionat e desire to be together. ââ¬Å"Then weep no more.I'll send to one in Mantua,à Where that same banished run agate doth live,à Shall give him such an unaccustomed dram, that he shall soon keep Tybalt company:â⬠The above quote is from Act 3 Scene 5, where Lady Capulet confesses her hate for Romeo, as she thinks heââ¬â¢s the reason for her daughterââ¬â¢s grief. Young love doesnââ¬â¢t always end with happiness. This was seen in the final scene of the play, when both lovers committed suicide thinking that the other ones dead. In this case love might not have ended happily but it shows the passionate desire Romeo had for Juliet as she had for him. It also reinforces the risks both lovers were willing to take nowing that they wouldnââ¬â¢t be able to live a life together. Shall I believe that unsubstantial death? Is amorous and keeps thee here in dark, to be his paramour? For fear of that, I still will stay with thee. â⬠The quote is from the final scene, and it ex plains Romeoââ¬â¢s young yet true love for Juliet. Although Romeos only true love was found dead, Romeo plans on never leaving Juliet as itââ¬â¢s just too much to risk and wonââ¬â¢t be a life worth living without her. Thus proving the risks and dangers oneââ¬â¢s willing to take in order to be with their one and only, and how oneââ¬â¢s life becomes centred on the others to the point of self-harm.Lucky is the man who is the first love of a woman, but luckier is the woman who is the last love of a man. This is clearly seen in the play written by William Shakespeare, as the two main characters that the play is named after, Romeo and Juliet, share an infatuating young love that nothing other than death can break. Also, it shows the depth both lovers are willing to go and the risks and boundaries they are prepared to face in order to truly be together and celebrate their love. ââ¬Å"For never was a story of more woe than this of Juliet and her Romeoâ⬠naecethinri1975http://www.blogger.com/profile/01751708885366528339noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4483274971755264686.post-33214005842580875572020-01-11T04:26:00.001-08:002020-01-11T04:26:02.696-08:00A Case Study That Refelcets on the Inception and Growth of Jelly Belly.Jelly Belly, Case Study Jorge Nolasco and Jason Ilarraza Operations and Supply Chain Management Naval Postgraduate School February 28, 2013 This Case study is based on Jelly Belly and the actions taken by the founder, to grow the Company, and loose the company to Goelitz Inc. The focus of the case study will address Jelly Belly's strategy and sustainability, strategy and capacity management, and sales and operational planning. At 18 David Klein was in business selling popcorn with his uncle while attending UCLA. He worked his way through law school by selling popcorn.David decided not take the bar exam but pursue a career he was captivated by, making and selling candy. David Kline a quirky and creative candy maker has invented over 450 types of candy. His most famous candy was Jelly Belly. David first opened and operated a wholesale nut and raisin business and attained experience and a reputation in the Los Angelos Area with local distributors of nuts, raisins, and candies. While ope rating and maintaining the wholesale nut and raisin business, David developed a gourmet jelly bean, he coined Jelly Belly.Jelly Bellyââ¬â¢s competitive dimension was quality. Davidââ¬â¢s vision was to create a high-end jelly bean, with a premium quality, flavor, and a unique shape. David created the original 8 flavors in 1975. David approached Herman Goelitz, president of the Goelitz Candy Inc. , a generational candy business, founded in 1869, primarily known for fine candy corn, with a business proposal for production of the Jelly Belly. Mr. Goelitz began business with David and began the production of the 8 flavors David had created in 1976. The first flavors were Very Cherry, Tangerine,Lemon, Green Apple, Grape Jelly, Licorice, Root Beer, and Cream Soda. David was familiar with the successful main stream marketing strategies of McDonalds and Burger King. He created the Jelly Belly logo, in bright yellow and red. Soon after, David acquired a space in a store front operation. He wanted a place to sell, where publicity could be generated, that was bright and cheerful. He attained a space in the ice cream parlor with $800. He placed a stand in the corner of the parlor. The product was appealing yet it did not sell; the price for the jelly beans was outrageous.The candy industry was late in getting price increases, the candy industry was locked into low end prices. Afraid to make better candy because distributors would not purchase on the basis that customers did not want to pay more for a quality candy but expected to pay a low price for candy. Total sales for the first seven-day period was $44. David called the associated press and invited the press to his store front in the parlor, and created a set up to demonstrate to the press that he was doing well with the Jelly Belly business and to expose the press to the taste and quality of the Jelly Belly.The press report declared Jelly Belly to be the new candy craze. David continued with the momentum he had received from the press conference. David appeared on TV shows, radio shows and phone orders were directed to the ice cream parlor. Pres. Ronald Reagan, sampled Jelly Bellyââ¬â¢s and loved them. He ordered 60 cases monthly. Local distributors began to sell and make a profit from Jelly Belly. $5 would ship 2lbs anywhere in the US. Soon after he established push carts in Holly Wood, Beverly Hills and Century City. The carts were visited by celebrities and this attracted more publicity.The demand for Jelly Belly grew at a very rapid rate after David worked diligently on attaining publicity for Jelly Belly. Goelitz Candy Inc. did not have the resources to support the demand for Jelly Belly. The back log for Jelly Belly grew rapidly reaching a climax of over a one year waiting list for delivery. David did not take needed action to plan for and mitigate the risk of having one supplier and logistics failures. David lacked the ability to deal with supply chain coordination risks; Jelly B elly was lacking safety stocks, safety lead times, multiple suppliers or alternate suppliers.Goelitz Candy Inc. was Jelly Belly's, sole manufacturer. David was unable to determine the overall capacity level of capital intensive resources that best supported the Co. ââ¬Ës long term competitive strategy. Jelly Bellies were produced in the Goelitz Plant, the PWP concept was utilized. Goelitz lacked capacity flexibility. Goelitz was unable to increase production of the Jelly Belly, they were unable to shift production capacity quickly enough from other products to the Jelly Belly products.Operational Effectiveness at the candy plant and for Jelly Belly were poor; either stakeholder did not have control initiatives or planning and control systems that could mitigate meeting the high demand. The leadership of Goelitz The high quality of the Jelly Belly was a trade off to low Inc. st. The order winning criterion for Jelly Belly was quality; the order qualifier was the 25 distinct flavor s and colors. Herman Goelitz Inc. convinced David Klein that 200 hundred employees relied on his decision to sell JB to the Goelitz Candy Inc. David lacked legal representation at the meeting.David sold Jelly Belly trademark for 4. 8 million to Goelitz Candy Inc.. The 4. 8 million was paid over 20 years, 20,000 monthly. Had David not accepted the deal by Goelitz Candy Inc.. , Goelitz had immediate plans to stop producing Jelly Belly for David and anticipated David running out of money attempting to fight Goelitz in court. If the David would have negotiated to keep his existing royalty agreement the deal would have been worth several hundred million since 1980. LL ? Supply Chain Risks were not identified or mitigated by David Kline; Jelly Belly had one sole producer, Goelitz Candy Inc. David lacked the ability to deal with supply chain coordination risks ; Jelly Belly was lacking safety stocks, safety lead times, multiple suppliers or alternate suppliers. ? David lacked legal represe ntation during negotiations with Goelitz Candy Inc. ? ? Goelitz was unable to increase production of Jelly Bellies, they were unable to shift production capacity quickly enough from other products to the Jelly Belly products. ? Subcontracting and outsourcing could have been a part of the Production Planning Strategies on the part of David and the Goelitz Candy Inc. Jelly Belly continues to grow and introduce new flavors. Currently there are 102 flavors. ? Its competitive dimension still focuses on quality/ order qualifier is the variety of flavors. ? Production / 100,000 pounds per day, or 1,250,000 beans an hour. ? Employee loyalty is the most important influence behind Goelitz's Inc. record-setting production. ? Jelly Belly has become more automated, and has also expanded. Increased sales have allowed Goelitz Inc. to buy new equipment and keep all employees busy. ? Jelly Belly accounts for 70% of the Goelitz Candy Inc. sales, over $200 million in 2008. ? naecethinri1975http://www.blogger.com/profile/01751708885366528339noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4483274971755264686.post-65223782233976581942020-01-03T00:49:00.001-08:002020-01-03T00:49:02.297-08:00Emotion And Devotion The Meaning Of Mary Medieval... In this paper, I will look at the major arguments that Miri Rubin presents in her book Emotion and Devotion: The Meaning of Mary in Medieval Religious Cultures. Rubinââ¬â¢s book is divided into three chapters which are: The Global ââ¬Å"Middle Ages;â⬠Mary, and Others; and Emotions and Selves. In each of these chapters, Rubin explores a particular topic that she thinks is important when trying to understand the figure of Mary in medieval religious cultures. I will begin this paper by drawing out the main arguments that are offered in each chapter along with Rubinââ¬â¢s reasons. Then, I will briefly evaluate each of Rubinââ¬â¢s three arguments and explain why I think they are valid. And finally, I will conclude by explaining why each of these arguments is relevant for anyone trying to understand the Churchââ¬â¢s comprehension of its history in the modern era. In chapter one The Global ââ¬Å"Middle Agesâ⬠Miri Rubin points out that ââ¬Å"understandin g life in the pre-modern past has... become complex and variegatedâ⬠because there existed a ââ¬Å"globalâ⬠aspect in Europe. Rubin thinks that it is important to realize that Europe was not regionally isolated during the Middle Ages. ââ¬Å"Medieval Europeans were travellersâ⬠and when they returned home they shared their ââ¬Å"tales, experience and expertise.â⬠Travel was possible because there was a ââ¬Å"modicum of safety... on the road and in public spaces.â⬠It is because of this milieu that missionaries were able to travel and so ââ¬Å"the figure of Mary accompaniedShow MoreRelatedRelationship Between Religion and Art in Medieval, Renaissance and Contemporary Times2657 Words à |à 11 Pagesmarble-white sculpture of the Mother Mary, her eyes downcast, gazes at her Son who lies dead across her lap. She seems both devastated and deep in thought. She is young and beautiful, in line with the old belief that a perfect soul meant a perfect outward appearance (Smart 122). She is famous and celebrated, and is visited by Christians from every nation. 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This essay would have been stronger if the applicant had spent naecethinri1975http://www.blogger.com/profile/01751708885366528339noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4483274971755264686.post-72719427355209442382019-12-25T21:13:00.001-08:002019-12-25T21:13:03.423-08:00Moral Theories Of Human Rights - 1433 Words What do you understand under the philosophy of human rights and the reality of moral theories ABSTRACT The idea of human rights came up as early as 539 BC when the armies of Cyrus the great who was the king of ancient Persia conquered the city of Babylon and he freed all the slaves and gave them the right to chose a religion of their choice. This reveals the history of human rights. However the history of human rights complements the philosophical aspect of the same. Both aspects champion the idea of human rights which emanate from the aspect that human rights are an entitlement to human beings by virtue of them being born human. Freedom, liberty, equality and independence are all important human rights represented in the philosophy ofâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Kant explains that the ultimate principle of morality must be moral law conceived so abstractly. On the other hand, Locke held that there is no innate human knowledge. He gives his ideas premised on the fact that there is duty, law, legislator and sanctions. He stipulates that no moral law could determine human violation and theory. It follows that moral obligations must be derived from legislation by intelligent beings with power to enforce their dictates by appropriate moral sanctions. On this basis, Locke distinguishes three basic types of moral law by referencing to the legislative source of each divine law, civil law and the law of repetition. He derived the aspect that divine law arises from the Godââ¬â¢s right as the creator to dictate morality to all creatures of his own making. He held that denial of Godââ¬â¢s existence, moral legislation or control would mean an irrational hope of escaping moral law. Rousseau indicated that humans lived originally in small groups and this allowed them to help each other. As time progressed, there where advantages of distributing labor, wealth began to grow and the desire for more grew. Then there was equality. With the growing inequality, property became more and more important and there was an artificial status hierarchy which established within a s ociety. Hobbesââ¬â¢ social contract institutes inequality as the fundamental conditions of modern society. He outlines that the social contract would never create stability but thereShow MoreRelatedMoral Theories Of Human Rights1614 Words à |à 7 PagesMaster of Human Rights Peace and Development What do you understand under the philosophy of human rights and the reality of moral theories? PROF G. MENELICK : PHR 500 Laurelle Mbaradza 160563 Date _______________________________11 February 2017 ABSTRACT The paper gives a roadmap on the foundations of human rights from the mediaeval to modern times. It explains the need for one to understand the philosophical foundations of human rights so that one can adequately understand human rightsRead MoreDefining the Moral Status Essay1567 Words à |à 7 PagesBiomedical Ethics Chapter 3 Defining the moral status As time passes medicine and the healthcare system has greatly improved the life expectancy of mankind, and more options present themselves, they also come a price as to which is the right choice to make. How do we defy which life is more important, who gets to live and who has second priority? How do you determine who has a higher moral status. What properties should you base your criteria on? We will isolate and divulge onRead MoreIntroduction. Moral Status Determines Who Is Capable Of1123 Words à |à 5 PagesIntroduction Moral status determines who is capable of making moral judgements. Meaning, it gives power or authority to certain individuals to make decisions of right versus wrong. Morality itself can be defined as an individualââ¬â¢s ethics. One particular situation, outlining morality is seen through the eyes of Jessica and her husband Marco. Recently this couple found out that the unborn child Jessica was pregnant with will have Down syndrome. With the child facing a decreased quality of life, thisRead MoreDeontological and Teleological Ethical Theory1660 Words à |à 7 PagesTeleological Ethics 1. Utilitarianism ââ¬â Utilitarian moral theory is classical utilitarianism, 2. Varieties of ancient Greek virtue ethics ââ¬â Aristotle Ethics is an Example a. The goal of ethics is to explain how one achieves the good life for human beings. 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We are the only ones in society that have this ability since animals cannot differentiate between right and wrong. (Pisemenny, 2016) Two theories were developed that linked morality and religion are the Divine Command Theory and the Natural Law Theory. In this paper, I will discuss how the Divine Command Theory and the Natural Law Theory differ and how the Natural Law Theory is more effective. The Divine Command Theory isRead MoreUniversalist Theory Of Universalism1237 Words à |à 5 PagesUniversalist theories (moral universalism) are meta-ethical positions that claim that there is a universal ethic that applies to all people regardless of their nationality, religion, sex, race, culture, sexuality, and other distinguishing features (Greenwood and Harris, 2011). Universal ethics refer to a moral system that applies to the entire humanity, transcending personal whims, and culture in the process. The justification for this rises from human nature, which is a shared vulnerability of sufferingRead MoreVirtue Ethics : Moral Philosophy For Determining The Moral Permissibility Of Abortion1283 Words à |à 6 PagesRosalind Hursthouse argued that virtue ethics is the preferable moral philosophy for determining the moral permissibility of abortion because it avoids the drawbacks from the utilitarian approach, and the deontological approach. I will demonstrate that virtue ethics is preferable because (i) it does not require a comprehension of problematic abstract concepts, and because (ii) it is sensitive to circumstantial variation. This paper will argue that virtue ethics is the preferable ethical approachRead MoreThe Moral Theory Of Deontology828 Words à |à 4 Pagesbelieve that the moral theory of Deontology, which is also called non-consequentialism, incorrectly answers the question ââ¬Å"What is right?â⬠The reason being that Deontology answers this question base on each individual experience and belief, which most likely will always be different from person to person. In my stance I will first explain the moral theory of Deontology, secondly I will point out how Deontology answers the question ââ¬Å"What is right?â⬠, and lastly analyze why the moral theory of DeontologyRead MoreDivine Command Theory And Natural Law Theory948 Words à |à 4 PagesReligion has always been a central part of human history, tracing back to the earliest know n records in human existence. From the ancient Egyptians to the Mayans, from the Celts to the Greeks and Romans, from Hinduism to Judaism to Catholicism, religion has always been the center of human culture. Recent studies have suggested that religion was centered on advanced alien races whose technology was misunderstood. However, one thing is undeniable, these age old systems of belief and worship of a higher naecethinri1975http://www.blogger.com/profile/01751708885366528339noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4483274971755264686.post-90618666386793294562019-12-17T17:03:00.001-08:002019-12-17T17:03:02.078-08:00Comparing the Suffering Between Rhoda in The Withered Arm... Comparing the Suffering Between Rhoda in The Withered Arm and The Sons Veto in the tale The Withered Arm in the story The Sons Veto are both very lonely women. Both of these women and have been mistreated by men, but none of them ever speak out for themselves to tell the men that their behaviour is unacceptable. Women who were treated by men were just expected by their fathers (if the husband is rich) to just keep quiet and be happy that they are financially supported. Rhoda is a social reject. She has been isolated to a small, dilapidated cottage in the middle of a lonely field. Rhoda is of the poor working class. She has received no education and is illiterate. Her son wears worn outâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Towards the end of the story, as Gertrude seeks a cure for her withered arm, her husband ends up cursing her, Damn you! What are you doing here?. This shows how the relationship turned quite quickly from happiness and affection to resenting and unhappiness. It also shows an example of lovers ending up in a sorry state as their relationship goes ba dly, as Gertrude dies after receiving the cure for her spookily withered arm. Hardy was also very interested in writing about fate and coincidence in his work for his readers. As this shows in the The Withered Arm. Rhoda feels such a strong dislike for Gertrude, her ex-husbands new wife, that she subconsciously grasps her by the arm in a dream. Also, another strong coincidence is that Gertrude is told to receive her cure for the arm by pressing it against the neck of a hanged person. The coincidence is that the hanged person turns out to be Rhodas own son, who had be hanged for stealing. The son of the woman who seems to have caused the illness, was the same person that offered her the cure, although Gertrude dies very soon after. The Sons Veto presents another moral issue. A lower class woman marries an upper class man. To avoid judgement they move away. When this man dies, she meets a past love, but because he is now of a lower class, her son forbids her to marry him and she dies an unhappy lady. The naecethinri1975http://www.blogger.com/profile/01751708885366528339noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4483274971755264686.post-91673834041476041812019-12-09T13:45:00.001-08:002019-12-09T13:45:03.304-08:00Who Killed the Electric Car free essay sample Analysis of who killed the electric car Background The problem In 1990s, California was threatened by smog problem, and black cloud appeared in the sky. Air pollution problem resulted in the development of lung cancer and associated diseases in people. The gasoline car was one of the main factors that released carbon dioxide to the atmosphere, which lead to global warming. Facing the risk of devastation of humanââ¬â¢s living place and health, California proposed to develop cars that run on clean energy. To comply with the state environmental policy and economic trend, GM produced the first electric car, which was called EV1, and its first presence on the road was in 1996. The creation and prohibition The aim to replace gasoline car with electric car was to reduce the emission of air pollutants. Plug-in electric vehicles are next generation clean cars that use electric batteries charged from an external source. With smart strategies and a favorable policy framework, these vehicles present an exciting opportunity to reduce air pollution, save drivers more than $1,200 per year on gasoline and reduce our dependence on foreign oil. Environmental Law Policy Center] Seeing the business trend of electric cars, the development of electric car has soared in a short period. Many other car companies imitated GM to produce the electric car, and even launch new design electric vehicles to ingratiate consumersââ¬â¢ taste. However, less than a decade, automakers were required to stop producing electric cars. This prohibition was not very understandable for many people, and it was also controversial to balance the technology development and the environment. The Suspects According to the documentary movie Who killed the Electric Car, consumers, federal government, California Air Resource Board, hydrogen fuel cell, and so forth are regarded as suspects of killing the electric car. Based on a large number of statistic, videos and facts, all suspects are found guilty. Each group considers the benefits based on their points of view, but neglect the influence on others. Social responsibilities should be taken to balance the pros and cons of electric carsââ¬â¢ presence. To elaborate more evidences about the ââ¬Å"killing,â⬠the analysis of the three main suspects will be listed in the following. Consumers: Affect EVââ¬â¢s Business Trend Positive attitude and expectation towards EV Many people believe that electric car is an amazing idea. They have a deep impression on electric car, which is fast, modern, cool, sexy, and quiet with less pollution than other normal gasoline cars. The vast majority desire to own an electric car, but unfortunately the supply is not enough to meet the demand. Consumers are eager to sign up on the waitlist and expect to eventually have one in the future. However, only 50 out of 4000 people who sign up on the list can get the EV1. For those EV drivers, they hold positive attitude toward the car. Their appraisals mainly focus on two aspects, which are convenience and effectiveness. The electric car is given the ease to charge at home and electricity stations. All drivers appreciate the easiness to plug in the car when they are at home. Another reason that consumers like the idea of electric car is that the air condition can be improved, while air quality is closely related to their health. With consumersââ¬â¢ expectation and the foreseeable development, the electric car is supposed to be more and more popular in the future. One of the specialists in the EV product line, Chelsea Sexton, even says that electric car is the dream car of American. Risk of uncertainty * Despite of the positive opinions of the EV drivers, they commonly have issues on the carââ¬â¢s price, functions, and range. The electric car is well designed in saving energy, but it only has a limited range around 100 miles. Electric car is a ââ¬Å"chicken and eggâ⬠issue. Consumers resist purchasing an electric car if there are not enough charging stations and repair service centers. The Guardian] Electric car was a new fashion product in the 1990s, while the charging stations havenââ¬â¢t been well established within the state. Electric cars need to recharge after driving 70 to 80 miles. The problem emerges to those drivers who need to drive more than that range. Although drivers can easily charge their cars in their garage, but the risk of uncertainty is that they are not guarantee to have charging stations in somewhere far away from their home or the local area. Troubles could happen if they go for a long distance trip. The high prices tag of electric car is unreasonable for consumers. A cost of $30,000 to $40,000 made the electric car extremely expensive in 1990s. Many consumers cannot afford it, and they expect to pay less because the electric car works less. Besides the EV drivers, the massive consumers propose tremendous potential problems toward the electric car. They doubt whether the trunk is big enough, safe enough, how to fix it, and so forth; while the automakers didnââ¬â¢t promise to guarantee the practical solutions for consumers. Analysis ââ¬â Consumer is one of the most affective suspects Consumers, as one of the most important groups that affect the economic, have a massive impact on the business trend of a product. Consumer behavior mainly determines the demand and fate of the EV. Instead of considering EVââ¬â¢s most important function of saving the environment and energy, consumers tend to focus on their personal and financial issues, such as price and size. They could not see the difference between the electric car and the car they usually drive because they donââ¬â¢t read the environmental impact information. Dan Neil, who works for Los Angeles Times, claims that American consumers did not accept the idea of electric car. Although EV has a limit range, it is still functional, useful, and practical, and therefore consumers should not only compare the price and regular functions between electric cars and regular gasoline cars. They lack an in-depth understanding to see the benefits of owning an electric car, which lead the EV1 to be taken off the market, and destroyed in the landfill. Government: The Creator and Killer of EV1 The power of policies increases EVsââ¬â¢ sales volume Government has the biggest effect on EV as federal policies always have tremendous power to shake the future. 40 years ago, the cars on the road were less efficient with a low fuel economy standard. In 1970s, federal government mandated average fuel economy in a car, which is no less than 15 mpg. It increased to 27 mpg within a decade, while it remained no changes in two decades after 1985. Government invests a large amount of funds to develop the electric cars, pursuing returns with meeting the fuel economy standard. Early in 1990s before EVsââ¬â¢ presence, California Air Resource Board (CARB) declared Zero Emission Vehicle Mandate (ZEV Mandate), which was designed to rapidly expand the number of electric vehicles available to consumers. [Ford Motor Company] According to ZEV Mandate, if automakers want to continuous to sell cars in CA, some of the vehicles have to be no exhaust. In addition, Government Incentives for Plug-in Electric cars have been established for consumers to take advantages of tax credit with purchasing electric cars. These policies serve as a powerful tool to force car companies to produce electric cars. Restriction for automakers Sometimes, federal policies are complicated. The ZEV Mandate is established for producing more EVs and fuel-cell vehicles, but not everywhere. Although government creates ZEV Mandate to encourage automakers to produce more electric cars, California Agreement for Electric Cars requires automakers to build the market of EV based on customer demand. The Master Memorandum of Agreement points out that it helps to ensure continued progress toward a successful launch sustainable market or zero-emission vehicles in CA by using market-base strategies for introduction of zero-emission vehicles. The opposition * Automakers are given incentives to produce more electric cars, but limited the sales volume at the same time. Both the car companies and oil industries argue that the ZEV Mandate is too strict. Dave Barthmuss, spokesman in GM, demonstrates that the company spent $1 billion to build the market, make advertisements, develop the vehicles, and build the charging stations. To combine Barthmussââ¬â¢s words with ZEV Mandate, apparently automakers could not get an ideal return from the substantial investment. GM even called back the EV1s, and destroyed them. The mandate was eventually dropped to release the burden of car companies. * Some consumers, who prefer fossil fuel cars, also voice their opposition to the government interference. They argue that California is either a champion of clean air and improved fuel efficiency or a ravening beast determined to destroy the auto industry and their freedom to choose the cars and trucks they want. [Edmunds Tips Advice] Whatââ¬â¢s more, the environmental benefits of EVs are dubious if the EVs are charged with electricity from coal plants. There is no such thing as ââ¬Å"clean coal. Not one single coal-burning power plant in the world is ââ¬Å"clean. â⬠Every coal plant gives off a multitude of toxins, and these toxins pollute soil, water and air, and contribute to disease and death. [Fox News] Consumers believe that government should be environmental protection agency, not corporation benefit protection agency. Analysis Government is guilty * Government created ZEV Mandate that was motivated by interests for the environmental benefits. However, the mandate could not be completed due to many limitations in terms of imbalance between energy conservation and electricity potential pollution. Although EVs are an important technological breakthrough with substantial potential environmental benefits, these cannot be harnessed everywhere and in every condition. [Phys Org] EVs probably reduce carbon dioxide, but other types of hazardous substances could be produced into the environment. * It is no doubt that the mandate is too strict for automakers because the appropriate amount of EVs that they should produce is ambiguous. Although car companies sell EVs through market driven, they cannot produce as much amount as the actual demand. If thereââ¬â¢s no obvious demand, automakers could not make one. To resolve the conflict among policies, automakersââ¬â¢ benefit, and consumersââ¬â¢ concern on air pollution, the mandate was dropped; while automakers were required to stop making electric cars at the same time. From the beginning of EVsââ¬â¢ creation to the end of the prohibition, a large amount of expenditure and time was consumed to build the cars and charging statio ns. The disappearance of EV1 leaded all related facilities to be useless. Hydrogen Fuel Cell Hydrogen fuel cell cars are introduced and supported To retain the idea of electric cars, and consider environmental sustainability, hydrogen fuel cell cars are introduced. They are seen as a better option for controlling pollution than the electric vehicles. The hydrogen that is used to power a fuel cell can be produced by splitting the hydrocarbons in fossil fuels or through electrolysis, which uses electricity to split water into hydrogen and oxygen. [SonyClassics] President Bush also supported the idea of hydrogen fuel cell cars, and promised that fuel-cell cars will be free of pollution. [MotherJones] The obstacles of fuel-cell cars Fuel-cell cars are definitely great ideal products for the development of sustainability. However, the program is still impractical. The major obstacles are shown in the following: * The price tags of different hydrogen fuel cell cars are unreasonable for the vast majority. Consumers cannot afford as the fuel-cell cars are sold within the price range of $50,000 to $150,000. Cars are just seen as walking tools for most of consumers, and therefore few people are willing to pay a high price for a owning a fuel-cell car. * There are no enough humankind materials to store hydrogen fuel to keep the range that people want; nonetheless hydrogen can be easily and cleanly extracted from water with existing technology. Besides the high price tags, hydrogen fuel is also expensive. A hydrogen fuel cell car even uses 3 to 4 times more energy than an electric car. * In order to expand the market and well establish hydrogen fuel cell cars program, at least 10 to 20 thousand hydrogen fueling stations are needed to build by someone. Analysis ââ¬â Hydrogen fuel cell cars take the place of electric cars The presence of fuel-cell cars lead sheer electric cars to fell into disuse. On one hand, ââ¬Å"the better optionâ⬠is regarded as a substitute, switching consumersââ¬â¢ choice and swapping out the existing battery companies. On the other hand, after consumers are educated with changing the value to choose a better alternative, EVs become meaningless to consumers. No one would produce it or buy it. Fuel-cell cars nevertheless attract the society with the advantage of zero emission; High price tags, limit hydrogen storage space, and a small amount of hydrogen fuel stations are puzzles for consumers. These obstacles still obstruct the market growth of fuel-cell cars. Consumers lose confidence on electric cars, and give up thinking of saving the environment with paying a high price to own a fuel-cell car. Recommendation To improve the environment, and well establish the high technology car industry, there are many things that we can do. Not only the government has social responsibility to resolve the conflict and dilemma, consumers and automakers should also take active part in contributing to the growth of high efficiency vehicles and environmental conditions. For government Since government policies are extraordinarily affective, more incentives should be given to increase the sales volume of hybrid and hydrogen fuel cell cars. Government can also set a price ceiling for hybrid and hydrogen vehicles. Given the ease to take advantages of tax rebate, and other financial supports, consumers and car companies will be more willing to consider the high-efficiency vehicles. For consumers To consider the future for humanââ¬â¢s next generation, consumers also play a dynamic role in saving the Earth. Nothing will be more important than a comfortable living habitat. Consumers can use less fossil fuel in terms of reducing emission. Switching to hybrid vehicles from gasoline cars can make a big change to the environment. Consumers should also increase the awareness that the living environment is more important than the investment they make in a high-efficiency car. Educating children with raising their consciousness to recycle and protect the environment is even effective for the future development of our planet. For automakers Automakers can look for lower cost but qualitative materials to replace unnecessary luxury parts in the vehicles, thereby decrease the price of fuel-cell cars. Technology innovation should be ongoing introduced to upgrade the manufacture process, result in maintaining profitability. Conclusion Based on the facts, issues, and analysis, the three main suspects are found that they are all guilty in the ââ¬Å"deathâ⬠of the electric car. Consumers, federal government, and hydrogen fuel cells all have massive indirect effects on EVââ¬â¢s business trend and fate, which eventually lead it to fade away. In fact, everyone is responsible for building our planet. The ââ¬Å"deathâ⬠of electric cars is not a revolution, but an evolution of humanââ¬â¢s development. naecethinri1975http://www.blogger.com/profile/01751708885366528339noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4483274971755264686.post-77963959969658744622019-12-02T01:27:00.001-08:002019-12-02T01:27:03.445-08:00Literature Review of MNCs Culture Discussion Multinational corporations operate in environments where they deal with different cultures. Multinationals serve customers from various cultures and their workforce is also culturally diverse. The management has to deal with the diverse culture of the organizations to succeed in the global scene. The challenges that managers encounter when managing diversity will be assessed in chapter two of this article.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Literature Review of MNCs Culture specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Literature review Multinationals are firms that are spread out in other countries other than the mother country. A multinational organization has its headquarters in one country, which is known as the home country, and then other branches in different countries known as the host countries. Multinationals are classified into four categories. The first category is the decentralized corporations. These ar e multinationals that give the branches at the host countries the power to make decisions and conduct their own operations independently. The multinational branches in the host countries should have a strong local presence for them to be given the mandate to make their own decisions. The second category is the global centralized corporations. These are corporations whose control is given to one group, usually the headquarters in the home country. All operations of the organizational groups are centralized. All the costs and decisions are made at the central group. The group can be located in an area where there are cheap resources to minimize costs. The third category is the international company that builds on the parent corporationââ¬â¢s technology. The parent corporation in this case is usually the source of technology. The other group organizations source technology from the parent and build on it. Finally, there is the transnational enterprise that combines the previous thre e approaches. Such organizations have some duties that are centralized, while others build on the parent corporationââ¬â¢s technology. There have been changes in the workplace of multinationals over the last couple of years. According to Early and Gibson (2002:15), the most noteworthy changes are two. The first is the scope and concentration with which the market has been internationalized, while the second is that there has been reformation of companies.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In the setting up of firms internationally, ââ¬Å"open borders, bringing together of business regulations, pan-European strategic management, and the single currency have speeded up European economic amalgamationâ⬠(Mercado et al. 2001: 476). These have facilitated the mobility of people across Europe and in the world. Multinationals ought to be as flexible and dynamic as possible in their operations. Teamwork is also paramount. Flexibility is felt to be particularly important in this globalised business world since parts of a company may be ââ¬Å"formed, disbanded and reformed to respond rapidly to changing business needs comprising members from different countries, different company locations and different teamsâ⬠(Earley and Gibson 2002: 19). Technology enhances communication among the various organizational teams spread out in different countries. Communication, among other concerns, is pertinent when dealing with teams that comprise members from different cultures. A collapse in cross-cultural knowledge transmission is seen as a danger, risk and hazard to a corporationââ¬â¢s competitiveness, feasibility and existence. Divides as a result of culture or any other cause hampers team efforts since conflicts are bound to occur when dealing with a culturally-diverse group. Culture and Diversity Cultural diversity in multinationals is where employees wor king in the company are from different cultural backgrounds. The multinational corporations recruit employees depending in their skills, expertise and knowledge. They do not consider the race, ethnicity or the nationality of the individual as long as they have the right qualifications. There have been disputes regarding cultural diversity in that it is likely to have some negative impacts on the organization (Early Gibson, 2001). The major challenge to cultural diversity is failure in the communication system in the organization. People from different cultures have difficulties communicating with one another. This is likely to affect the performance of the organization since it is difficult to have a productive performance when people cannot communicate effectively.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Literature Review of MNCs Culture specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, diversity is generally beneficial to o rganizations since it has the ability to bring together top talents and in the process enhance innovation. It is important to note that innovation is important for any business organization, especially in the global market. Innovation has the ability to give the organization a competitive advantage (Yanow 2003; Holden 2002; Mercado, et al., 2001; Winston, et al., 2001 Carnevale, 1999). It is, therefore, important for managers to find a way of managing diversity effectively. Managers should eliminate the communication barriers that may result from diversity, which may in turn lead to poor performance of the organization. Instead of the barriers, managers need to maximize the benefits of diversity for a competitive organization. Multiculturalism The world is trending towards a global village since people from different cultural backgrounds can interact effectively on different platforms. All cultures need to be treated equally without any form of discrimination. The practice of treati ng the different cultures equally and giving each culture equal importance is what is referred to as multiculturalism. Multiculturalism can be divided into various types as follows: Domestic multiculturalism This is the type of multiculturalism where a multinational organization has a diverse workforce working in the home country. The home country has people from different nationalities or from different ethnicities working together. The managers can pick employees from each of the countries in which the organization has operations or from any other part of the world as long as they are competent and have the required skills and qualifications to move the organization forward. Group multiculturalism This is where there are different groups of people working in the same organization. The group composition is diverse in terms of culture of the various members. Among the groups that might be found in organizations include homogenous groups, token groups, bicultural groups, and multicul tural groups. Potential Problems Associated with Diversity Despite the benefits that diversity is likely to bring to the organization, there are some problems associated with it. First, there may be attitude problems among the employees. Employees may not understand each other or each otherââ¬â¢s cultures.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More There are some people who perceive other cultures negatively. Such people have a negative attitude towards people of the said culture. As a result, such people cannot work effectively in a team, making the unit unproductive. Secondly, there are perceptual problems among employees. There are stereotypes that exist among members of diverse groups. These stereotypes can be erroneous and affect the performance of the organization. Thirdly, inaccurate biases could also result from cultural diversity. Employees from different cultural backgrounds may have the tendency to prefer some activities over others, and usually their basis is unfair. Such employees make wrong judgments in the duties they carry out or against their colleagues. Finally, there is a communication problem within the organization as a result of cultural diversity. People from different cultural backgrounds may not understand each otherââ¬â¢s languages. In addition, they may use sign or symbols that have different mean ings leading to communication failure. Poor communication has an effect on the performance of the organization. Identifying the Key Challenges Faced by MNCs How to Address these Challenges Multinational organizations face numerous problems in executing their business activities. The challenges have the ability to affect smooth running of the business. In addition, the performance and competitiveness of the organizations may be negatively impacted. It is important to note that the international business environment is highly competitive; therefore, any issue that is likely to affect the organizationââ¬â¢s competitiveness should be dealt with effectively and with urgency. It is the obligation of the managers to come up with ways and methods to overcome these challenges. This section evaluates the problems faced by multinationals and the ways through which those problems can be addressed. Multinational companies have benefits, which can contribute to the governments, the economy, p eople, and for the corporation itself. According to Cole (1996) ââ¬Å"the size of multinational organizations is enormous; many of them have total sales well in excess of the GND of many of the worldââ¬â¢s nationsâ⬠. In addition, World Bank statistics comparing the income of multinational companies and national GNPs indicates that large oil firms such as Exxon and Shell are large in economic terms than nations such as South Africa, Australia and Argentina that are substantially greater than nations such as Greece, Bulgaria and Egypt. MNCs vs. Locals Firms Multinationals organizations are very important in the worldââ¬â¢s economy. They play a vital role in the international trade. In addition, they facilitate the development of nations, both developed and the developing nations. For instance, multinationals provide employment opportunities to the developing nations. People get disposal income to spend on from multinationals setting base in their countries, consequently fa cilitating the economic growth of these nations. In addition, multinational organizations facilitate provision of high quality goods, as well as services. On the other hand, despite the fact that local organizations in the developing countries have an impact on the economies of those countries, they may not be as effective as the MNCs. Multinationals have the ability to rise above the challenges faced by local firms. They offer services of better quality than those of local organizations. Among the challenges faced by local firms and which the multinationals can rise above include deficiency in managerial experience, insufficient education, lack of credit, poor infrastructure, national policies and regulatory environment, as well as insufficient market information. Local firms are also affected by changes in technology since they do not have the ability to cope. They, therefore, lose their competitive advantage to multinationals. Sustaining the culture in MNCs Multinational organiza tions have their own cultures, goals and objectives that they should fulfill. The organizations, therefore, need to be governed so that they can direct their operations towards achievement of those cultural values and objectives. Codes of conduct are used to govern the organizationsââ¬â¢ business to ensure that they comply with the laws and regulations in the destination countries. It is not easy to sustain the MNCsââ¬â¢ culture, especially when the environment is changing too rapidly. The following are some of the ways in which the culture can be maintained. Define and distinguish the organizational culture clearly Develop an implementation plan Senior management should support implementation in their activities Employees (both new and existing) should be made aware of the culture Continuous evaluation Transparency on changes that are happening within the organization Advantages of Sustaining a Culture Sustaining a culture has the ability to improve the companyââ¬â¢s bra nd image, thus giving it a competitive advantage. The organization can be able to improve on employee satisfaction and boost their morale and productivity, which is reflected in the overall performance of the company. Innovation can be enhanced, as well as stakeholdersââ¬â¢ relations. Finally, the organization can effectively manage risk and can become a business model. Shortcomings of ââ¬Ësustaining a cultureââ¬â¢ It takes a lot of time The organization can miss its goal of maximizing revenue Cultural conflicts may lead to employee turnover Challenges and strategies to resolve Shortage of manpower It is not easy to find talented people who have the ability to effectively manage cultural diversity. Managers who have that technical ability are usually few and are difficult to maintain since they are usually on high demand. For an organization to acquire the manpower and retain them, it should come up with a strategy where employees can learn to acquire technical skills. In addition, the organization should appoint leaders who are highly competent and offer competitive salaries to discourage them from moving on to competitor organizations. Unfriendly business environment The business environment is not very friendly. At the same time, there are laws that are challenging to organizations. Competition is very high, making it difficult for organizations to succeed. However, firms can come up with business strategies that can give them a competitive advantage. For instance, they can adopt the Porterââ¬â¢s generic strategies. Conflict of interest among the government, MNCs and the public Organizationsââ¬â¢ major interest is to maximize profits. The government might require the organizations to follow certain policies, which may be perceived to reduce their profitability. On the other hand, customers (public) want the best services in spite of the costs incurred by the organization. The organization may make decisions that are against the will of both the government and the public, resulting in conflict of interest. To avoid these conflicts, the MNCs should come up with strategies that would enable them adopt global integration. Huge costs of labor in the host country Huge labor cost is a problem to MNCs since they incur high operating expenses that reduce their profitability. MNCs are said to take advantage of the poor labor standards and weak environmental regulations to maximize their income. They avoid employing expatriates from their home countries to avoid high expenses. Real Life Examples An event for honoring the top MNCs was conducted in New York Stock Exchange on October 2011. From the research conducted, it emerged that Microsoft was at the pole position, followed closely by Google at number 4. The two companies are said to have a unique culture that embraces diversity in their workplaces. For instance, employees are highly motivated at Microsoft; they are given workplace benefits and the freedom to manage their sched ules. This enables them to adopt a good work-life balance. Microsoft has adopted the same strategy in all its branches worldwide. Google is also known to have an effective strategy that offers a good work environment for employees. Employees are given the freedom to work individually and come up with their own projects. This motivates employees. The company also gives employees an environment that enhances work-life balance. This essay on Literature Review of MNCs Culture was written and submitted by user Maleah Cox to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. naecethinri1975http://www.blogger.com/profile/01751708885366528339noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4483274971755264686.post-27231299884499138052019-11-26T21:38:00.001-08:002019-11-26T21:38:06.233-08:00The Adam Smith Laissez-Faire Theory EssaysThe Adam Smith Laissez-Faire Theory Essays The Adam Smith Laissez-Faire Theory Paper The Adam Smith Laissez-Faire Theory Paper In the modern world, countries like Canada and the United States tend to move from the left wing to the right wing. Is this a good thing? Adam Smiths laissez-faire theory, The Invisible Hand, explains the fact that the selfish of all individuals of a society ultimately combine to benefit all of society. People in private enterprise countries have stronger sufficiency and individual initiative, and societies have higher productivity. Alberta government is introducing Bill 11, which is based on Canada Health Act. This bill is supposed to privatize the heath care system. It would allow for-profit clinics to do minor surgeries and keep patients for extended overnight stays. It will increase our economy because the government can now use the money that is saved from it to pay their debts and for international investments. Albertas health care funds have been numerous. They were abused on healing people who caused drunk and drive accidents, people who smoke too much, and people who do drugs. These people do not deserve any free health care. They should be responsible for themselves and pay for their own health care fees. Many people say that private for-profit health care is less efficient and more expensive than public health care. Private health care would cause people who cannot function in such a competitive environment to suffer. But think about the benefit we will have for the majority people. Isnt majority rules the main theory in democratic countries? Expanding private health care is the only way to cut costs and reduce waiting lists in a public system that has been stretched to the limits by federal funding cuts. A private enterprise economy creates a competitive environment. People work harder and are more initiative and productive. Lets take computer as an example. In the old day, high-tech computers were only used in military. Computers controlled all kinds of nuclear weapons, missiles, and space stations. But ever since the free market economy was introduced, computer production grew rapidly. Company like IBM, Intel and Apple were the very first that came up with commercial and home computers. They produced millions of chips every year and the technology they are using is getting better and better. The quality and speed of a computer grow at least 2 times a year. Now different companies also produce different parts of computers. A computer is no longer made by a single company. This creates great competition and great productivity. Any ordinary home computers you can see now are all a hundred times better than the computers that were used on the space satellites before. China, the country with largest population in the world, now happens to be a backward country. Ever since communism was introduced in China, it has been fallen behind in the worldââ¬â¢s economy. China believes public enterprise will eventually be the best economic system. But in fact, Chinese people, who are known as hard working, has become lazy and lost their productive sense. The Chinese government controls everything, even the human rights. Comparing China to its near-by democratic and free market country (also known as their cross-sea province) Taiwan, which started economic reform just at the same time China did. Taiwan is now producing US$ 12,333 per capita GNP while China is only producing US$ 738 per capita GNP. Just think about that Taiwan is a very small Island that only has 22 million people in it and it is producing higher GNP than that of the huge China. Comparison of China and Taiwan is unique because they are both Chinese but have opposite political and economic system. As statistics shown, Taiwan has become a much more successful country than China in economic growth. Private enterprise economic system allows small business. Microsoft, the biggest computer Software Company in the world was also built from the ground up. Bill Gate, the guy who created Microsoft, started the business when he was still a university student. He believed he would make an effort and changes in the computer world. So he dropped out of school and formed a small company. As we all can see that this small company now makes the most revenue than any other big corporations in the world. This means that people like you and me all have a chance to make a difference in our lives. The American government is now against that Microsoft has been illegally wielded monopoly power. But in fact, the company is also facing rival operating systems such as Linux and BeOS. The company admitted that at present the rivals were not viable alternatives to Microsoft, but the software market could be very different in one or two years. If the private enterprise economy were not introduced, we would not be able to have the technology we have now because when the government controls everything, no one would be productive and initiative. If there were not a company like Microsoft, we would not be able to have amazing multimedia computers now. Microsofts productivity proves that the free market system is the best for a countrys economy. Thus when choosing to restructure a countrys economy, it is the best for a government to use private enterprise. It helps a government to reduce social costs and it encourages its citizen to be more initiative. The problems that face many economies today such as rising of national debts can best be met by restructuring economies using private enterprise. naecethinri1975http://www.blogger.com/profile/01751708885366528339noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4483274971755264686.post-83116248827907086042019-11-23T05:12:00.001-08:002019-11-23T05:12:05.416-08:00A Timeline of the Agricultural RevolutionA Timeline of the Agricultural Revolution Between the eighth century and the eighteenth, the tools of farming basically stayed the same and few advancements in technology were made. This meant that the farmers of George Washingtons day had no better tools than the farmers of Julius Caesars day.à In fact, early Roman plows were superior to those in general use in America eighteen centuries later. All that changed in the 18th century with the agricultural revolution, a period of agricultural development thatà saw a massive and rapid increase in agricultural productivity and vast improvements in farm technology. Listed below are many of the inventions that were created or greatly improved during the agricultural revolution. Plow and Moldboard By definition, a plow (also spelled plough) is a farm tool with one or more heavy blades that breaks the soil and cut a furrow or small ditch for sowing seeds. A moldboard is a wedge formed by the curved part of a steel plow blade that turns the furrow. Seed Drills Before drills were invented, seeding was done by hand. The basic idea of drills for seeding small grains was successfully developed in Great Britain, and many British drills were sold in the United States before one was manufactured in the States. American manufacture of these drills began about 1840. Seed planters for corn came somewhat later, as machines to plant wheat successfully were unsuited for corn planting. In 1701, Jethro Tull invented his seed drill and is perhaps the best-known inventor of a mechanical planter. Machines That Harvest By definition, a sickle is a curved, hand-held agricultural tool used for harvesting grain crops. Horse-drawn mechanical reapers later replaced sickles for harvesting grains. Reapersà were then replaced by the reaper-binder (cuts the grain and binds it in sheaves) and in turn, was replaced by the swather before being replaced by the combine harvester. A combine harvester is a machine that heads, threshes and cleans grain while moving across the field. The Rise of the Textile Industry Theà cotton ginà had turned the whole South toward the cultivation of cotton. While the South was not manufacturing any considerable proportion of the cotton it grew, the textile industry was flourishing in the North. A whole series of machines similar to those used in Great Britain had been invented in America and mills paid higher wages than in Britain. Production was also far ahead of the British millsà in proportion to hands employed, which meant the U.S. was ahead of the rest of the world. Wages in America Take-home pay, measured by the world standard, was high. Additionally, there was a good supply of free land or land that was practically free. Wages were high enough that many could save enough to buy their own land. Workers in textile mills often worked only a few years to save money, buy a farm or to enter some business or profession. Advances in Transportation Lines Theà steamboat and theà railroadà enabled transportation to the West. While steamboats traveled all the larger rivers and the lakes, the railroad was growing rapidly. Its lines had extended to more than 30 thousand miles. Construction also went on during the war, and the transcontinental railway was in sight. The locomotive had approached standardization and the American railway was now comfortable for passengers with the invention ofà Pullman sleeping cars, the dining cars, and the automatic air brake developed byà George Westinghouse. naecethinri1975http://www.blogger.com/profile/01751708885366528339noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4483274971755264686.post-13871467007385488182019-11-21T04:15:00.001-08:002019-11-21T04:15:17.862-08:00Prospetive study of major dietry patterns and risk of coronary heart EssayProspetive study of major dietry patterns and risk of coronary heart disease in men (Epidemology case study) - Essay Example Two major dietary patterns were observed: prudent, which is heavy on vegetables, fruits, fish and poultry; and western, loaded with red and processed meats, refined grain, desserts, French fries, and dairy. Increased prudent patterns were found to decrease incidence of CHD while increased western pattern also increased the CHD incidence. Previous researches correlated CHD to single nutrients in the diet. This study considered overall dietary patterns in subjects for 8 years and how these relate to the occurrence of CHD within the study period. Diet plays an important role in disease as observed in disease occurrence in countries that have a distinct dietary pattern. The study is appropriate because it considers the interaction of the different components in the diet taking into consideration food preferences and habitual food use. The study is also very appropriate and timely because of the high incidence of CHD in many countries and therefore nutritional intervention by recommending changes in dietary patterns may be more acceptable to the public. In this study, exposure refers to the dietary patterns; outcome is the incidence of CHD and confounders are other risk factors like smoking, alcohol consumption, total caloric intake, age, level of physical activity, genetics. Notably, the researchers did their best to remove the effects of confounders through factor analysis. The dietary assessment came from food consumption data provided in the FFQ. The FFQ had itemized 131 items further grouped into 40 distinct categories. Factor analysis was done to derive dietary patterns. Factor analysis removes effects due to lifestyle and other risk factors therefore removing confounding effects. FFQ and factor analysis were appropriate for this type and size of experiment. FFQ was shown in previous studies to effectively determine dietary preferences while factor analysis is appropriate in determining the statistical significance by minimizing systematic errors naecethinri1975http://www.blogger.com/profile/01751708885366528339noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4483274971755264686.post-32940605820152211622019-11-19T18:34:00.001-08:002019-11-19T18:34:02.708-08:00Biomechanics of a Sporting Movement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 wordsBiomechanics of a Sporting Movement - Essay Example Biomechanics explains and describes and even predicts the mechanical side of human sports, exercises and play body movements. Biomechanics usually studies the mechanics of living things, including the forces that exerted by muscles and gravity on the animal's skeletal framework. Some examples of Biomechanics researches include the study of forces that is exerted on a bird's wings, the aerodynamics of a flying bird or insect, the beauty of a fish swimming in the water and the locomotion in animals and plants. Biomechanics of human beings falls under the study of Kinesiology. People sometimes wonder why the shark swims faster than its prey. In sports, there is a need for coaches and trainers that aid the athletes excel in their sports thru the study of biomechanics. This essay shows technically what biomechanics and how it helps the athlete win tournaments. BIOMECHANICS (Mccomb, 2004) is concerned with the application of physic's law of mechanics to living organisms just as they affect non-living things. The structural stresses of the branch of a tree and the reasons why sharks and dolphins swim faster than other fishes is an example of biomechanics study. The scientific mechanics law explains the effect that certain movements that a high jumper has on the amount and beauty of water displaced during water entry in a swimming pool contest. ... The scientific mechanics law explains the effect that certain movements that a high jumper has on the amount and beauty of water displaced during water entry in a swimming pool contest. In physics, we are taught, using the mechanics law, reasons why a piece of wood slides in such a particular way. Biomechanics (Massimino , 1997) seeks to explain the mechanical cause and effect relationship of plants, animals and human beings. Biomechanics explains and describes and even predicts the mechanical side of human sports, exercises and play body movements. Biomechanics (Greeves, 2002) usually studies the mechanics of living things, including the forces that exerted by muscles and gravity on the animal's skeletal framework. Some examples of Biomechanics (Lee, 1993) researches include the study of forces that is exerted on a bird's wings, the aerodynamics of a flying bird or insect, the beauty of a fish swimming in the water and the locomotion in animals and plants. Biomechanics of human bein gs falls under the study of Kinesiology. BIOMECHANICS OF THE SOCCER KICK. Soccer is a very popular sport around the world. The soccer game revolves around the KICK. The soccer Kick is also used in other popular sports like Rugby league and union, Australian rule Football, grid iron football, Gaelic Football, American Football and also beach volleyball. There are names given to the different soccer kicks are PLACE KICK, SOCCER -STYLE KICK, and the ROUND THE CORNER KICK. Physiology and development. Although the soccer kick lasts for only a few seconds, the intensity force and angle of the anaerobic metabolic pathway produces the kick thereby causing the ball to travel fast, slow, high, low, left or right which causes uproars and clap from the fans.Adenosine naecethinri1975http://www.blogger.com/profile/01751708885366528339noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4483274971755264686.post-89486251662056787022019-11-17T07:05:00.001-08:002019-11-17T07:05:03.715-08:00Outer Banks, North Carolina Essay Example for Free Outer Banks, North Carolina Essay Outer Banks is located in North Carolina. It is a narrow chain of barrier stretching 175 miles long. The area is frequented by high winds and storms. It is basically made up of sand dunes. Sand dunes are formed due to the prevailing winds. The winds come from opposite direction, northeast and southwest. Because of the natural occurrence, sand dunes were formed. The tallest active sand dune in Outer Banks is Jockeys Ridge. Some interesting features about the Outer Banks is that it housed the talled lighthouse. It also has the tallest san dune, Jockeys Ridge. Duck Beach is named one of the top beaches in America. Animals especially birds and horses are actively seen the area. Outer Banks 3 Outer Banks, North Carolina Outer Banks in North Carolina is a narrow chain of barrier islands. It is one mile wide or 1. 6 km. It stretches more than 175 miles along the coast. Main islands are Bodie, Roanoke, Hatteras, Ocracoke, Portsmounth and Core Banks. The area is prone to severe storms and high winds (Outer Banks, 2007). Outer Banks natural processes evolved from a predetermined conditions. Outer Banks can be well describe by its sand dunes. Migration of sand dunes is an important process on the Outer Banks. It is basically formed by two prevailing winds, northeast and southwest. Due to the different directions of the wind, volume of sand build up. With its sand dunes, Nags Head Woods were developed. It was inherited from what used to be sand dune and swale or a depression found between dunes and beach ridges more than 100,000 years ago. In some areas, the swales were internally drained and now contain freshwater ponds (Frankenberg Tormey, 2000). The Jockey Ridge is the most tallest active sand dune in Outer Banks. The sand is mostly quartz rock which comes from the mountains million of years ago (Ecology, 2006). Some very interesting features can be provided by the Outer Banks (Interesting Facts about the Outer Banks, 2006) ? Wild Ponies, descendants of Spanish Mustangs, still travel the coast. As per record, they run wild North Carolina since 1523 until present time. Tallest lighthouse in America, Cape Hatteras Lighthouse is located in Outer Banks. It Outer Banks 4 is 198 feet tall. It has 257 steps. Beacon light can be seen as far as 20 miles out the to sea. ? Duck Beach is one of the Top Beaches in America. This was named because of the number of waterfowls that flocked during migration. ? Jockeys Ridge is the largest active sand dune in East Coast. Outer Banks 4 References Frankenberg, Dirk Tormey, Blair. (2000). The Northern Outer Banks. Carolina Environmental Diversity Explorations pp. 3. Retrieved January 22, 2008 from http://www. learnnc. org/lp/editions/cede_nobx/3 Infoplease. (2005). Outer Banks. Retrieved January 22, 2008, from http://www. infoplease. com/ce6/us/A0921656. html Jockeys Ridge Sate Park. (2006). Ecology. Retrieved January 22, 2008 from http://www. jockeysridgestatepark. com/ecology. html Outer Banks Vacation Guide. (2006). Interesting Facts About the Outer Banks. Retrieved January 22, 2008 from http://www. visitob. com/outer_banks/trip/facts. htm naecethinri1975http://www.blogger.com/profile/01751708885366528339noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4483274971755264686.post-55790745308723805072019-11-14T19:36:00.001-08:002019-11-14T19:36:03.843-08:00Modernism in The Metamorphoses :: Ovid Metamorphoses Essays Modernism in The Metamorphoses The modernist movement in literature began around the turn of the century and createda dramatic change in the way that author's viewed their work. The new breed of writers were extremely affected by the new perception of the world and our place as human beings in it. WWII was on the verge of beginning, and the literary world was expressing their fears and attitudes toward their impending doom through their writings. Modernism has a few key themes that Franz Kafka follows throughout his piece, "The Metamorphosis." One of the most common themes among popular modernist literature are the rejection of literary tradition through experimentation with a darker style of writing. Surrealism was common among pieces which often involved the decaying of the human existence that was occurring in the (at the time) current, more face-paced, disconnected society. In "The Metamorphoses," Kafka has his main character, Gregor Samsa waking up one morning only to discover that he is a giant insect. Despite his bizarre state, Gregor still feels as though he is well enough to go to work. Unfortunately, his new burden of being an insect leaves him having quite a difficult time getting himself out of bed and out the door of his bedroom. Gregor is always distressed to find that no one can understand or even hear what he is saying to them from his room because they did not understand his "bug language" This is Kafka's way of showing his inner feelings of uncomfortableness within his own body not only due to the impending war but also because his livelihood (writing) began to take on an overall theme of sadness and hopelessness as a result of the changing desires of society within the literature that they preferred to read. Not many people during the Modernist period wanted to read stories of happiness and success when they could not achieve these things in their lives. Misery loves company, and the public majority who read Kafka's works wanted just that from his literature. Kafka's portrayal of Gregor as a disgruntled salesmen who was unhappy with his position in work and in life even before he somehow metamorphosed into an insect. naecethinri1975http://www.blogger.com/profile/01751708885366528339noreply@blogger.com0