Concept Application Project Essay Example for Free

Concept Application Project EssayThroughout the semester I take a shit explored many topics in sociology. While exploring these topics, three main suppositious scenes were used. I will briefly illustrate each of the main conjectural attitudes of functionalism, involvement theory, and symbolic Interactionism. During this semester I have watched two films, Food In incorporatedd and The Vernon whoremongers Story. I will describe how a theoretical perspective is used in each of these casefuls. Then I will provide my own two examples where concepts and theoretical perspectives cease be illustrated. My First example is the capital of Massachusetts Marathon bomb calorimeterings and the second is the Mass Medias coverage of the Boston Bombings. The Functionalist Perspective is a sociological perspective that emphasizes each part of participation contributing to the survival of that cabaret. In Sociology in Modules, they define the functionalists perspective as, A sociological approach that emphasizes the way in which the separate of a society are structured to maintain its stability (Schaefer 15).Read moreConflict Perspective on Social Media The functionalist perspective can be compared to the human body model. Each part of the body per readys specific tasks. For example, our legs al low-spirited us to walk or run and our lungs allow us to breathe. Without each and all body part, one simply can non perform to the maximum potential. Now when a functionalist is looking at a society, they may see different social groups that generate to a larger population. The Conflict Perspective is a sociological perspective that views the world as a constant struggle.In our textbook, Sociology in Modules, they define the booking perspective as, A sociological approach that assumes that social behavior is best understood in terms of tension between groups over power or the allocation of resources, including housing, money, access to services, and governmental repres entation (Schaefer 15). There are many areas where conflict can arise in todays society. Religious groups, political parties, and different social classes, may all have conflicting views with opposite or opposite groups.Examples of the conflict perspective include convey of production versus job and the concentration of wealth. In recent history, the conflict perspective is becoming more popular. With, The widespread social unrest resulting from battles over civil rights, bitter divisions over the state of war in Vietnam, the rise of the feminist and gay liberation movements, the Watergate political scandal, urban riots, and confrontations at abortion clinics have offered support for the conflict approach (Schaefer 16). Groups in society with different viewpoints often pose a great threat to conflicting parties.The Interactionist Perspective is the third main sociological perspective where the traditional way of view comes from typical human interaction between groups. Sociol ogy in Modules defines the interactionist perspective as, generalizations about everyday forms of social interaction in order to explain society as a whole (Schaefer 17). The interactionist perspective is also know as symbolic interactionism. I believe it is much easier to look at it from a symbolic interactionism perspective because symbols are easier to understand.From a symbolic interactionist perspective, one may see the world we live in as full of objects. These objects can come on the form of spate, places, things, thoughts, feelings, or symbols. Symbolic interactionism looks at these symbols to characterize groups by their symbol. Each symbol may be different. For example, a symbol could be the type of color of car you drive, what you wear to work or school everyday, or even tattoos. Groups in society are often characterized by their symbols. These symbols allow people with similar symbols to notify with ease.Food Incorporated is a documentary film that portrays the corpo rate farming industry in the United States as unhealthy, harmful, abusive, and inhumane. Food Inc. the movie really gave me something to mobilise about, it only reinforced my beliefs to eat healthy and support organic and free-range grass fed meats. The most meaningful thing to me was when one of the contributors said the corporate farming industry only wants to grow their products bigger, fatter, cheaper, faster. This agribusiness in only in it for the sake of business and they dont see the other side.On the other side there are these products that are being mass-produced in factory farms. This seemingly only affects the lower class Americans who can only afford the cheapest of food products at the super market. From a financial standpoint, it only makes sense that people are forced to consume such low quality products at their demise. As the conflict theory would describe it, this is a constant struggle between the producer and the consumer. The producers are producing animal pro ducts in block quarter factory farms and feeding them corn, which is not a naturally occurring meal.Specifically cattle and chickens are given hormone shots to make them grown bigger, fatter, and faster. These farms do not treat the animals well at all. The animals live in horrible conditions, often times in their own manure. This causes disease to reach to food that eventually people eat. There are cases that come up all the time where products need to be pulled from the shelves in stores because of contaminated foods. The Vernon antics story is a accepted story turned into a movie that portrays a Minister, Vernon John, who leads the African Americans in the fight for civil rights.This film demonstrated the development of social change in the south. First, the blacks do not measure up to the dust coats in social class. They often held position in social that were not important of looked down upon. For example, the position that Vernon John holds is viewed as a conflict by white law enforcement officials. During the early 1900s, Black Americans were being segregated from society. Secondly, During this time, African Americans were not recognized by society as having any value other than slavery. Race and ethnicity played a large role in society during this time.African American Racial groups create and they were discriminated against. Vernon John is a leader of social change. He stepped up and faced the danger in speaking his views. The movie illustrates two great examples of hate plague in the 1920s. The first is when Vernon John was driving in his car late at night to bring a girl who had been raped to the hospital. The white policemen pulled Vernon John over and just antagonized him for no reason. Another example is when part of Vernon Johns church was set on fire. This was obviously planned by the white Americans out of hatred for Vernon Johns following and community.The blacks were heavily being discriminated against. Third, the government used force and power to exercise their will against Vernon John and the Black Americans. The movie demonstrates a great example of what goes on in society today. Although the United States may not be going through the exact same situation of secretion as the 1900s, we are still facing sorts of discrimination and hate crimes today. Which leads me into my next example, the recent Boston Marathon bombings. The Boston Marathon bombings is an alleged terrorist attack that happened during the swallow up of the 2013 Boston Marathon.On April 15th, 2013, two Muslim brothers from Massachusetts detonated two explosives near the finish line of the Marathon, killing three people and injuring more than 200 people. The 2013 Boston Marathon Bombings display the conflict some people have with society. I am not in the head of the bombers or the investigators so I am only speaking from an outside perspective. With that being said, I cannot imagine what they were thinking when setting off these two explosions in front of thousands of people. From the suspects point of view, they must have seen the world from a conflict perspective.They must have believed that they didnt fit into society. In a Wall Street Journal article, one suspect claims he and his brother were angry about the U. S. wars in Afghanistan and Iraq and the killing of Muslims there (Authorities Say Bomb Suspects Planned NYC Attack). My only guess is that their hatred for the United States is so tempestuous that they concluded in carrying out these horrible acts. It appears that other groups from over seas heavily influenced the suspects. This is just one example of how government, religion, and cultural differences can become conflicting in society.The mass media can influence the coverage of any story by the time it reaches the public. The mass media is defined by Sociology in Modules as, print and electronic means of communication that carries messages to widespread audiences (Schaefer 153). The leverage they have is hug e in what information/sources they have and what they release. In the coverage of the Boston Bombings, the media helped the public understand of what precautions they should take some the threatened area. The media also helped people from across the country understand what was happening in Boston.In this case, I believe the media did a good job in providing accurate information to the public. However, this is not always the case. The conflict view states that gatekeeping can control what information reaches the public. For example the media can choose on which pieces of news to score on, leaving out specifics that could totally twist the story. They can also choose which sources they want to use which may also have an affect on the solution of the story. Not all social classes have access to certain news sources. Many sources are behind a pay wall, which prohibits some potential viewing audience from accessing the information.The functionalist view would say that the mass media plays a role in society that keeps it moving forward. Sociology in Modules says, the mass media is to occupy our leisure timefrom newspaper comics and crossword puzzles to the latest music releases on the Internet. While that is true, the media have other important functions. They also socialize us, enforce social norms, confer status, and promote consumption (Schaefer 154). This is all very true and it reinforces our viewpoints of the media. Overall, multiple theoretical perspectives can portray the mass media.Indeed, concepts and theoretical perspectives learned in class are used to illustrate events in society today. First, the example of the Vernon Johns story gives one the ability to see the upbringing of social change through the civil rights movement. The second example of the Food Inc. production is one that produces for profit without taking into consideration all the ethical and health needs of American citizens. Third, my example of the Boston Marathon Bombings illustrate s conflict and hates crimes in our culture today. Lastly. The mass media acts as an agent between information and the public through print and electronic versions.The conflict and functionalists theoretical perspectives can be used to analyze the mass media. Therefore, social concepts and theoretical perspectives are used throughout the society we live in today. ? Works Cited Authorities Say Bomb Suspects Planned NYC Attack. WSJ. com. Associated Press, 26 Apr. 2013. Web. 26 Apr. 2013. Food, Inc. Dir. Robert Kenner. Movie One, 2008. DVD. Schaefer, Richard T. Sociology In Modules. New York McGraw-Hill, 2011. McGrawHills Connect. Web. 4 Apr. 2013. The Vernon Johns Story. Dir. Kenneth Fink. 1994. DVD.

Texting and driving Essay Example for Free

Texting and driving EssayI think schoolbooking and driving is dangerous and whether or not it has affected you as of now, statistics raise it could in the future. Did you know that school texting while driving is now one of the most common distractions that take a drivers eyes off the road to twenty-four hour period? Imagine if someone in your family, your mom, dad, or sibling were killed by a driver who was texting, how would you feel? Would you think, was that text really worth losing a life over? I am going to show you that texting while driving is never a good whim and can have dangerous and deadly consequences for that individual. Problem Texting while driving kills people on a daily basis. Recent statistics from 2009 show that 5,474 people in the United States were killed due to texting. This was a significant increase from 2007 when 3,210 people were killed in accidents where drivers were texting.(http//www.stoptextsstopwrecks.org/facts)Teenagers are the most experie nced drivers and when they read or draw up a text it compounds their likely hood of having a fatal accident. Statistics bears this out with this age group when texting and driving 45% of their accidents resulted in death. The Allstate Foundations young survey showed that 82% of teens report texting while driving, while only 23% admit to drinking and driving which shows how common this practice is for this age group. According to data collected by the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety on (http//www.textndrive.com/, more teenagers die on May 20 than any other day of the course. Over the past five years, May 20 claimed 63% more lives than any average day because of prom and other end of the school year celebrationsII. CauseDriving and texting is considered a multi-tasked skill that increases the output of the drivers pass causing distractions to our cognitive functions, memory, visual fields, and manually. The first way that texting interferes with drivers is through the bra ins cognitive functions that allow for multi-tasking. Drivers attention span is split between whats going on in the road and whats happening on their cell phone, and this lack of focus makes them a liability for other drivers. Most people do not have the cognitive skills to dispense two different multi-tasked processes at once.This causes individuals brains to process too much mentally, making the information that is received unclear and hard for them to react quickly to events happening in their surroundings. Second way that texting interferes with driving is through memory. a. Memory is when the brain engages in a constant process that sends.III. SolutionThere are many solutions to this problem and I will list a few Unless you are on a long road trip, put your phone away until you arrive at your destination, if you have to text just pull over for a few minutes. There are apps for most phones that you can use to prevent if you are tempted to text while you are driving called anti -texting apps that can be utilized. If you are on a trip with more than yourself, designate a person that will be the texter, if you are driving have your passenger text for you so you can concentrate on the road. Silence your phone if you are one who has to look at your phone for every noise it makes. I have just taken you through the problems with texting and driving.Provided you with the statistics and presented you with possible dangers of texting and driving. I have given you alternatives to not only celebrate you safe but to also keep others safe too. Laws are being enacted due to the public outcry and most states are on board with decree punishing drivers that text. But that would be a drop in the bucket should you be distracted and injure or kill someone when it could have been avoided. I hope that I have convinced you to join me in educating people to change their driving habits Silence can saves lives.ReferencesBIBLIOGRAPHY * MERGEFORMAT Stop the Texys Stop the Wrecks. ( 2014). From Stoptextsstopwrecks www.stoptextstopwrecks.org www.stoptextstopwrecks.org. (2014). From www.stoptextstopwrecks.org www.textndrive.com. (2014). From www.textndrive.com www.textndrive.com/wordpress/2010/05/may-20-is-deadliest-day-for-american-teen-drivers/ Here is the connective to my Persuasive speech http//youtu.be/dgCanjzytFs

Governments Influence On Public Opinion Media Essay

Governments Influence On Public opinion Media EssayIn the last 50 years the media act has grown exponenti every(prenominal)y with the high tech technology, in the early years on that point was only telegraph, radio and magazines except now a old age we eat up got the number of media channels, internetWe live in a society that depends heavily on the study and parley to be at right path, to do the right things and to take right decisions.What we need to be a state of w atomic number 18 is that the more or less of our decisions, belief and values are based on what we know for a fact, our assumptions, our own experience and studies, however we rely heavily on the media to get current news and facts about what should be done and what should not be?The heading of this discussion is that our lives rely heavily on the media to know the in radiation diagramation and take the right decisions. Coming to our topic of discussion that how organization settles the commonplace opinion. As consumers rely heavily on the media organizations for information, presidencys too rely on media organizations to influence the public opinion whether its through advertisement, public service message or all other way to achieve their primary and secondary objectives too.Thats why we c every for divided our topic of discussion into three partsThe media plays a very important role in pliant and controlling the political opinions. Media is extremely stiff in the sense that without the adequate functioning of the media it is very much impossible for any social structure like government to exist so totally of the social structures exists on the medias efficacy to socialize. The U.S. government mainly leave alone exploit the media, often times manipulating the enormous power of the printed word. Ultimately empowering the U.S. government, strengthening it with the ability to chink and control the popular perception of reality. One way in which government achieves this object ive, is by its ability to mis function the medias ability to set the schedule.Contrary to popular belief, media is in fact an enormous hegemony. In fact, sepa enumerate independent news organizations relatively do not exist. Rather than creating an independent structured agenda of there own, generally lesser smaller news organizations adapt to a prepared agenda, previously constructed by a higher medium. Based upon this information alone, it is quite apparent that media functions in adherence to the characteristics of a hierarchy. This simply means that media is structured in a way that it operates functioning from top to bottom. This is also identical to the hierarchical nature of the gracious body, in that from the commands of the brain transferred through the central nervous system, the body responds harmonisely. In purchase order for the U.S. government to control and determine the publics popular perception of reality, the government mustiness skeleton and oversee the inf ormation that the media reports to the existing populous. This particular process of democracy is known and referred to by political scientists as cognitive socialization However, many of us, who do not stick to the cushioning of political correctness, refer to it as the propaganda machine. Numerous political scientists considercognitive socialization to be the most effective form of political socialization. According to theory, cognitive socialization is doctored up information, which is strategically fragmented in such a artful manner, that the probability of its rationalization is highly predictable. The manipulative properties of cognitive socialization are so diabolical and tricky in nature, that I consider it to be the ultimate perversion of the democratic process. In all seriousness, numerous intellectuals, and gentleman held in skilful stature agree, that cognitive socialization is the intersection point of an evil genius.Senator William Fulbright observed in Senate heari ngs on government and the media in 1966, that so many of our prominent newspapers mystify become almost agents or adjuncts of the government that they do not contest or even raise querys about government policy(Refrence)The Professor Noam Chomsky on a book of his entitled Manufacturing Consent, democracy and the media. Mr. Chomsky comments on the unholy alliance between government and media. Indoctrination is the essence of democracyNow the question is that when it is impossible to control the people via force, it is very much possible to control the people what they think. Thats why media is used as an additive applied to a bounteous democratic society to preserver the interest of power elite. (the relationship between government and media)Media and Public Relationship jalopy media heavily influences our daily life, with providing of information so we will discuss thatHow Mass Media WorksInfluence Young PeopleInfluence Of Violence Image On KidsShaping Up the Public Opinion.How M ass Media Influence WorksOf all the media distri yetion channels the most influential has been the television, we are constantly exposed to thousands of images and a moving picture is much than 100,000. These run-in are in the form of images the images of violence, advertising, sex, celebrities and much more. All these are helpful in shaping up the minds of the people, actually they are not shaping up the minds yet they are shaping up the public opinion in terms of crowing the consumers new values, new psyche and new way of sentiment and providing them with new directions.The question is that who are shaping up this public opinion these are those five big companies which owns most of the media channels, cinemas and other sources.Time WarnerVIACOMVivendi UniversalWalt Disney intelligence agency CorpThey also own integrated telecommunications, wireless phones, video games soft fightes, electronic media, the music industry and more.For example if we incisively try to peep into p ast it give tongue tos that UK ex President Tony Blair won the elections due to the contract with the Murdoch News Corporation to face the image of Tony Blair. This shows that the media has very great and long lasting influence on the peoples as this example shows that Murdoch Corporation was quite successful in shaping up the public opinion. On the other hand the thing which is quite noticeable that Mr. Tony blair assure a company which has a wide area of coverage, which shows that the wide area of coverage helped him to shape considerable number peoples mind.Years ago there was more diversity in companies, but they defend merged so now they are equitable a few and they have been successful in shaping up the opinion and beliefs of us and our kids. It has become very much important for any parent to have a look on what their kids are observation and the material is not going to conflict with norms and values.For example if we incisively have a look on the Pakistani kids now a days they have just been very much addicted to Indian culture that they dont any more remember the Pakistani culture they dont have the knowledge that in Islam espousal is based on Nikkah but I have seen some of the kids asking their parents that when the couple is going to take rounds around the fire. India media has been very much successful in shaping the norms, values and most important the minds of our kids.How Does Mass Media Influence Young PeopleAs we all know that the mass medias heavy reliance is on the advertisements, media organizations earn billion of dollars. This advertisement is shaping the minds of the people regarding their buying behaviors. All the people exposed to these advertisements try to buy the same thing that was in the advertisement.As there are some positive and negative influences of the media so they try to influence the young minds these young minds piece of tail may have positive influence or may have the negative one but in both cases the media i s influencing the young mind, if young mind is doing a lot of exercise just seeing someone his/her favorite sportsman doing that then its a positive influence but if he/she starts smoking then its a negative image.In both the cases media is trying to project something onto the young mind whether its a good or bad but the question is that why young minds accept all these things dont they have to do something else.The answer is that every young one has got some of the fellow pressure so whenever they are trying to do something its just of peer pressure to get accepted between his friends, no matter how this will impact the health of a person but the young people just wants to be accepted in their friends.This thing shows that media is playing two way game projecting both the positive and negative image in order to achieve their objectives. Media is quite capable to project a bad image a positive one and positive one to negative but in both the cases they are influencing the young min ds.Another negative influence in teenagers that has grown over the last years is anorexia and obesity. There are millions of adolescents fighting obesity, but at the same time they are exposed to thousands of advertisements of junk food, while the ideas image of a successful person is told to be thin and wealthy.Also more women are obsessive with losing weight even when they are not obese there are many thin women that want to look like the highly models and thin celebrities so they engage in eating disorders which lead to severe health issues and even death. (Hubpages)How media influence public opinionAs we have discussed preceding(prenominal) and continue to discuss that media has got a great impact on the society for shaping up the public opinion whether thats a political campaign, an advertisement to process you fat, broadcasting successful characters or a terrorist attack in every situation media is trying to influence.Wilton Sekzer in a movie statesI was travelling in a sub way there comes a point where the wheels of the subway screech loudly, there the towers of the World Trade Centre were in perfect symmetry so I didnt know that which one is my sons building, I was thinking that cannot be my sons building because everyone within that building gonna die, watching TV every 5 minutes they gonna show the falling towers. I am watching your news cast. How many times you gonna show got damn towers falling down, dont you have any respect for those, who have got family and friends inside there. (Why we fight, 2005)Now if we have just have a look on the above discussed example that after 9/11 the US media was trying to shape up the public opinion in a way of creating hater in the minds of populous for the Al-Qaeda and Osama bin Laden. This shaped up the public opinion for war against terrorism and the same public opinion helped the US government for the war against Iraq. This shows that media has great power which has changed the public opinion of 80% of the Americans.Advertisements for Political Parties by MediaIf we just have a look on the advertisements of Pakistani political parties during the political campaigns, all of the parties whether that was in rule or in opposition both will be trying to influence the public opinion in a way that people cast their chooses to the ruling party or the one in the opposition, for this purpose they try their level best to count of their best works during their ruling time. On the other hand they try to show in their advertisements that what plans they have got for the next five years. Conclusively they always try to influence the public opinion in a way that change peoples mind to cast their vote to the relative parties.There are number of other ways to influence the public opinion which includes polls and trends especially in political campaigns. The candidates that can even out more for TV and media exposure have more influence on public opinion and thus can receive more votes.This suite up t he same example we discussed above about the Tony Blairs contract with Murdoch Corporation to win the electionsGOVERNMENT INFLUENCE ON PUBLIC OPINIONThe influencing works on the agenda stage setting program which says that the government has to rely on the media organization for influencing the public opinion. The same is the case discussed by the Agenda setting.Agenda SettingThe agenda setting theory states that the mass media has got a heavy influence on the audiences by their choices of what to report, how to report and how much worth and space should be for the issue. The salient feature is the ability of mass media to transfer issues of importance from mass media agenda to public agenda. (Brooks, Brian S., et al., 2003)Functions of Agenda SettingThe agenda-setting function has multiple componentsMedia agenda are issues discussed in the media, such as newspapers, television, and radio.Public agenda are issues discussed and personally about members of the public.Policy agenda ar e issues that policy makers consider important, such as legislators.Corporate agenda are issues that big business and corporations consider important, including corporations.These four agendas are interrelated. The two basic assumptions underlie most research on agenda-setting are that the press and the media do not reflect reality, they filter and shape it, and the media concentration on a few issues and subjects leads the public to perceive those issues as more important than other issues. (Brooks, Brian S., et al., 2003)Now culmination back to our topic of discussion that how governments can influence the public opinion jibe to the agenda setting theory discussed above there are a two ways for any government to influence the public opinion the one is direct influence and other is indirect influence. point InfluenceDirect influence is a kind of influence in which the government tries to influence through their speeches and press concourses.SpeechesIf we just have a look on any of the speeches of the prime ministers, presidents or even the ministers they are actually trying to influence the public opinion that they are trying to influence the people that they are doing good and taking the right decisions they are actually shaping the public opinion but a single statement can set up agenda for the media.Press conferencesPress conference is another important source of influencing the public like we every day see that somebody is conducting a press conference in which the government or non government officials try to tell to the people via media organizations about the ground realities but in some cases to portray the issue favorably they try to use different methods which includesSecrecy an important tool that governments use to influence or avert media coverage. Governments release information as part of a general media strategy to influence the media agenda and frame issues favorably (McCloskey, 1990, p. 119).Governmentsoften attempt to conceal informatio n from other governments and the public. Thesestate secretscan include limbdesigns, military plans,diplomaticnegotiationtactics, and secrets obtained illicitly from others (intelligence). Most nations have some form ofOfficial Secrets Act(theEspionage Actin theU.S.) and classify material according to the level of protection needed (hence the term classified information). An individual needs asecurity clearancefor approach path and other protection methods, such as keeping documents in asafe, are stipulated.Few people dis redacte the desirability of keepingCritical Nuclear Weapon Design Informationsecret, but many believe government secrecy to be excessive and too often employed for political purposes. Many countries have laws that attempt to limit government secrecy, such as the U.S.Freedom of Information Actandsunshine laws. Government officials sometimesleaking formation they are supposed to keep secret.Secrecy in elections is a growing issue, particularly secrecy of vote counts on computerized vote counting machines. While voting, citizens are acting in a unique sovereign or owner capacity (instead of being a subject of the laws, as is true outside of elections) in selecting their government servants. It is argued that secrecy is impermissible as against the public in the area of elections where the government gets all of its power and taxing authority. In any event, permissible secrecy varies significantly with the context involved. (Bok, 1989)DisinformationDisinformation is the false information that is spread deliberately. It sometimes called Black Propaganda. It can include the distribution or spreading of malicious rumors and fabricated intelligence. In the military agencies there is an extensive use of this technique to kill ones course of action.Disinformation is also helpful in the cases where the government needs to hide some of the details in order to keep the emotions high or to portray the issues favorably. This can be done by manipulation of the audience at the rational level by either discrediting, conflicting or supporting false conclusions.Another technique of concealing facts, or censorship, is also used if the group can affect such control. When channels of information cannot be completely closed, they can be rendered useless by filling them with disinformation, effectively lowering their signal-to-noise ratio and discrediting the opposition by association with a lot of easily-disproved false claims.To upgrade understand the concept of disinformation can be clarified by the example that America has faced very high life losses in war against terrorism so government to avoid any opposition of war, the government officials will tell there is a high rate of death rate for enemy and no or very less soldiers have lost their lives. This is actually providing the people with emotional support that America is quite successful in war against terrorism and people will not oppose the war.In 1957 theCIAknew about theMayak acc identbut the information was not released publicly because of the reluctance of the CIA to highlight a nuclear accident in the USSR, that could cause concern among people living near nuclear facilities in the USA. (Makhijani, 2008)Now this shows that governments provide sometimes amiss(p) information to the media so that media cannot shape the issue as they want and create a distrust in the minds of the people but they try to shape up the content as they want, this is another way of influencing the people via shaping up the content in a way as government wants.Denial of access of informationIts an important technique to manage media coverage. Officials release only that information they want to be released. For instance, in 1983 when the Reagan Administration ordered troops to the Caribbean island of Grenada, the Pentagon refused to take reporters on (Purvis, 2001, p. 243). Similarly, the Bush administration and the Pentagon restricted and carefully controlled information and medi a access during the 1991 Gulf war, in sharp contrast to the freedom allowed the press and the coverage of Vietnam War. Woodward (1996) revealed that the restriction listing was two-pages long and included a number of restrictions on information and travel (p. 174).Now adding up to the above discussion that the media shapes up the public opinion but sometimes Governments also have to use different strategies to shape up the matter as they want rather than allowing the media to shape up the matter according to themselves. Thats why governmental officials have got media handling strategies.Indirect influenceNow coming towards the indirect influence as this is conducted through the media organizations actually the government sets up the agenda for the media organizations to discuss, to broadcast and to influence the public opinion.There are two ways of indirect influence which includesAdvertisementsTalk showsAdvertisementsAdvertising is a form of communication intended to persuade its viewers, readers or listeners to take some action. It usually includes the name of a product or service and how that product or service could eudaemonia the consumer, to persuade potential customers to purchase or to consume that particular brand. Modern advertising developed with the rise of mass production in the late nineteenth and early 20th centuries.Commercial advertisers often seek to generate increased consumption of their products or services through branding, which involves the repetition of an image or product name in an effort to associate related qualities with the brand in the minds of consumers. Different types of media can be used to deliver these messages, including traditional media such as newspapers, magazines, television, radio, billboards or direct mail. Advertising may be placed by an advertising agency on behalf of a company or other organization.Organizations that excrete money on advertising promoting items other than a consumer product or service include political parties, interest groups, religious organizations and governmental agencies. Non-profit organizations may rely on free modes of persuasion, such as a public service announcement. (Oxford Journals)Public Service announcementsAn advertisement broadcast on radio or television, for the public interest. They are to modify public attitudes by raising awareness about specific issues. The most common topics of PSAs are health, safety. Such advertising is generally produced and distributed on a cooperative basis by governmental agencies or nonprofit organizations acting in concert with private advertising and mass media companies. In most cases, the nonprofit provides the programming that is to be advertised, while the participating advertising agency and media companies provide creative services, media planning, and dissemination services on a pro bono basis. or so television shows featuring very special episodes made PSAs after the episodes. For example, Conrad Bain of Different Strokes spoke two PSAs after the episodes dealing with child sexual abuse and hitchhikingNow days we every day watch tv and read newspaper there are lot of advertisements from government or government institutions side which give us a message or information regarding some of the issues. For example child sexual abuse is very much high in Pakistan so there is a repetitive message via different media organizations that Dont let your child to be alone with aA very much common ad we use to see in the newspaper or TV that is from the FBR (federal board of revenue) which says that Tax is your liability you have to pay itAll these kinds of ads and public service announcements are for the purpose of making the people get aware and shaping up the public opinion in a way that people starts doing the things that what government says.Talk poseA talk show is a television or radio program where one person (or group of people) will discuss various topics put forth by a talk show host. Sometimes, talk shows feature a panel of clients, usually consisting of a group of people who are erudite or who have great experience in relation to whatever issue is being discussed on the show for that episode. Other times, a single guest discusses their work or area of expertise with a host or co-hosts. A call-in show takes live phone calls from callers listening at home, in their cars, etc. (wikipedia, 2009).Now to understand that how we in at once get influence through talk shows. As we have discussed above the speeches or the press conferences as a direct source of influencing the people. Now just for a minute if we think that there is a statement by any of the government official that Pakistan is bountiful access to Black Water to nuclear weapon. This opens up the agenda for public and the media. Now media organizations start inviting the government officials to the talk shows and discuss the circumstances that Why Pakistan is giving access. What will they do with Pakistans nuclear weapons and lot of questions will be raised. The answers of these questions will be actually to influence the public opinion that whatever Pakistan is doing is in the large interest of the public and so on.This is how the government official indirectly influences the public opinion. In the same way the agenda can be raised up by the public or media. Again the government officials have to influence the public opinion in order to continue the government.Statements That Changed Up the Public OpinionJan 17, 1961President Dwight Eisenhowers statedMy fellow Americans this evening I come to you with a message of leave taking and to share few final thoughts with you my country men, we have been compelled to create a permanent arm industry of vast proportion. Three and a half million men and women are directly engaged in defense establishment. The total influence economic, political and even spiritual is felt in every city, every state house and every office of the assistant government. We have recognized the imperative need for this development, yet we must not fail to comprehend its grave implications in councils of government we must guard against the science of unwanted influence whether sort or unsort by the military industrial complex the potential for the disastrous rise of misplace power exists and will persists . (Jarecki, 2005)Iraq is a supporter of terrorist groups, inc Liberation Front, and Hamas (Why we fight)Iraq is paying $25, 000 per suicide bombing (Why we fight)CONCLUSIONNow the governments heavily influence the public which has been demonstrated by different statements which shows that America brought ibn Talal Hussein Hussain to conquer Kuwait and after that they have used different statements against Saddam Hussain and his country and media developed an agenda upon those statements which changed the public opinion and America has to attack on Iraq. The concept is that government is the supreme power of the country and can shape up the incident a s they want whether in the positive way or a negative one. We have also seen that governments keep some of the issues hidden from the public but all of these issues are intentionally kept hidden to avoid the opposition of the decision.All the above study has crystallized the topic Government Influence on Public Opinion that its true that governments do influences sometimes directly and sometimes indirectly.

A Business Plan of Medical Services Marketing Essay

A Business Plan of medical examination exam Services grocery storeing EssayThe checkup touristry industry is in a rapid body politic of growth, both in capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of Singapore and globally. Growth in consumer demand for wellness values delivered by foreign medical professionals continues to grow for a variety of reasons, including meagre regional wellness c be systems and the growing expense of performing domestic procedures in their countries of origin. Sometimes, book a medical tourism package is simply an relieve to visit a foreign land whilst in addition to consolidate their travel interests and save equals. This growth in medical tourism provides enormous opportunities for launching Singapore MedTours and ensuring it ordure grow and be sustained.Medical Services Tourism is not without m either descent risks, including advanced levels of competition from intermediary companies designed to help consumers jut out itineraries for medical functions. There are in addition risks to the client that must be considered, including ensuring that they bounteousy understand their own health risks so as to secure financial obligation factors for the railway line itself. In terms of strategic objectives, a comprehensive risk management system must be developed.However, outside of these risks, profit potence is kind of considerable due to the large client demand that exists in many contrasting foreign countries. Singapore was chosen as the country to launch the impertinent Medical Services Tourism ac caller-up beca ingestion of its award-winning infrastructure, the ability to raise new capital by dint of a variety of means and even for the schooling system that can provide feeling employment for the business by skilled professionals. Singapore is ideal for Medical Services Tourism and this business plan provides a comprehensive plan for the launch of the company.2.0 Business descriptionMedica l tourism involves availing medical procedure in a foreign country. Westerners form a large segment of medical tourists who are riped to quality healthcare and large nest egg as compared to the medical courts in their own countries. The patients then can take a vacation in the host country after receiving their medical sermons. Often patients can cover their surgery expense, flight and hotel accommodation charges for hindquarters of the operation cost they would have paid in their country (Puah, 2008).The Company would be come upond Singapore MedTours and it forget be a Private Limited Company (See Appendix 1). The firm leave act as an agent that facilitates tourism of international citizens looking for quality and affordable health care that they might not be able to achieve in their home country. It entrust be a start-up company with an onsite facility for receipt of travellers and to satisfy their inquiries on medical tourism. The execution leave make profit by chargin g commission on these transfers and any additional profitability received from supplementary, non-medical tourism that might be booked through the agents or its online website.MissionOur missionis to provide Safe, Affordable and Quality health care options to our customers through world class health care system of Singapore. mention Author2.2 Industry backgroundThe medical tourism commercializeplace has effectively doubled in recent years, and is currently valued at over $20 billion every year (Gaddum, 2010). This makes medical tourism ideal as a profit-generating business with huge growth potential. Medical tourism fills a of import niche that is desperately call fored in countries with bureaucratically flawed or unaffordable healthcare (discovermedicaltourism.com, 2008, p.2). One of the reasons that make foreign travel so appealing to a variety of international tourists is in areas of cost. For example, in the United States, it might cost approximately $30,000 for a knee repl acement surgery, where in Singapore these costs will be much less at tho $18,000 (placidway.com, 2010). It is largely this cost difference, for the same medical expertise, that is making medical tourism such a prosperous business not conscionable in Singapore.Some of the major countries that are pressing Medical Tourism in the world areCountriesMedical incoming Tourists2002200420052006Thailand390,000520,000Malaysia210,000320,000374,000410,000Singapore117,000179,000India100,000150,000Source http//www.ihf-fih.org/pdf/25-28.pdfSingapore is among the most attractive destinations for health care travelling. The country has been awarded as the Best Medical/Wellness Tourism Destinationin 2007 and will be the Leading Destination for health Care Service in Southeast Asia (MedTourismReview, n.d).2.3 Goals and Potential of the BusinessAccording to Singapores minister of trade and industry Singapore is a neat place to raise monetary resource, both equity and loans, including venture cap ital. (Satapathy, 2003, p.1745). Singapore was chosen as the start up place because of the ease of access for funds related to the launch as well as securing future loans or capital for improvement and expansion of the business. Because of the quality availability to investment funds and different loan-generating entities in Singapore, the business has several goals for short term gainSource AuthorA long term goal of Singapore MedTours is to create an internationally-recognised name in medical tourism that exceeds competition. There is massive potential for creating a strong marketing front man internationally ground not only on growing consumer demand, entirely because of the systems already in place in Singapore to assist in developing a sound advertising programme with high global exposure.2.4 Uniqueness of serviceSingapore MedTours will have several unique features designed to make it outperform competitive entities in this industry.Singapore MedTours would offer a low-ri sk guarantee to enable the customers in moving forward with their medical tour with strong faith. In any case if after arriving at the destination, the conditions of treatment seem unacceptable to the client, we will give the liberty to cancel the surgery. The only charge the client will be responsible of is the air fare and accommodation. To our knowledge, were the only medical tourism companythatoffers this type of protection in Singapore.Also MedTours would be unique in supplementary services related to medical tourism that will improve profitability and improve the word of embouchure reputation for the business. Offers the founder of Scotland-based Company Globe wellness Tours This is a huge word of blab business (Crawford, 2006, p.1). Therefore, Singapore MedTours will be equipped with high quality service dimensions that please the travelling tourist and also improve customer relationships apply advanced CRM systems (Customer Relationship Management software).3.0 MarketingM arketing will be crucial to the success of this new business launch because of the importance of word of mouth to the company. With high levels of competition in this industry, an improved and superior marketing battlefront must be available and the funds needed to make this a earthly concern will be allocated to this effort.3.1 Target market identifiedThere is no one, singular market available to this business because of the ability to capture the attention of many different consumers hailing from many international perspectives. No two patients are the same, either in their involve or the type of journey they either want or ingest (newsweekshowcase.com, 2010, p.1). This means that it would be quite difficult for the business to isolate a sensation target market outline that would fit the needs of the absolute majority of travellers who look toward our services.However, despite these unique consumer needs, medical tourism industry is dominated by patients from United States . In 2008 alone estimates put that more than 1.3 Americans travelled abroad for the exclusive purpose of seeking medical care (Health-Tourism.com, 2008). The marketing strategy should take into consideration the high rule book of customers that will come from this region and use communications strategies that fit the needs of this high profit-generating customer client. Other international customers will be measured using software and database tools to determine which international location brings the highest volume of customers, and ongoing, future investigate methods will be used to determine their needs as they arise.Market SurveyResearch ObjectivesTo analyze the growth potential for the business.To analyze the consumer needs according to their relative priority.To analyze the level of favourable consumer expenditure.Customer Profiling and CharacteristicsCustomer profiling is important as it aids in identifying and catering to customers in every possible way (Anderson, 1997, p g 71).Based on the market survey conducted, most of the respondents show favourable response for medical tourism. A majority of respondents with negative response towards medical tourism shifted to need more information aspect when medical tourism benefits were mentioned.However the two main factors move respondents to be favourable to medical tourism are cost savings and high quality healthcare from internationally accredited hospitals.The most preferred service attribute is high standards of service with considerable savings indicating that not all consumers bargain hunters. It also indicates that respondents are not willing to compromise on quality for cost reduction.Determining the critical factors for success majority of respondents preferred English speaking macrocosm and highly accredited hospitals. The most influential means of publicity is word of mouth followed by hospital referrals and company website.In addition, with the various competitors positioning and competitive comparisons, most consumers decisions are influenced by Brand equity and knowingness play an important role.Target marketBased on the Market Survey conducted, Singapore MedTours will cogitate on target markets which are of high growth potential. The market is divided into the following segments which in turn will provide the company with clear revolve around to direct its marketing strategiesGeographic partition North American Citizens.Demographic segmentationAge 45-65Income U.S $24000- $70000Psychographic segmentation Customers keen on quality of service and interested in good savings magical spell not in favour to comprise on safety.US Medical Tourism MarketAccording to the Market indicators United States medical tourism has got good prospects in coming decade and beyond. In the United States, medical surgeries are very high-priced, and every year millions of Americans default to pay for the health care expenses they require they are either uninsured, uninsurable or underins ured. According to a study in 2007 50% of personal swanruptcies are related to medical crises (Star Health Vacations, 2010).3.2 Market size and trendsIn 2006, Singapore drew 410,000 international customers that received medical services primarily in form of Liver Transplants, Cardiac Surgery, and Joint second-stringer (Hadi, 2009). And this number of inbound patients will exceed 1 million by 2012, with forecasted value of 3 Billion USD (The Internet Journal of healthcare Administration, 2010). Scotland-based Globe Health Tours go outd a 600 percent increase in business only after six months of operations (Crawford, 2006). In all, Singapore Medical Tourism is aiming to travel a leading health care destination in all Asia and it witnessed a steady growth of 11.9% per year from 2004 to 2008 (prlog.org, 2009).3.3 CompetitionIntensive competition exists in medical tourism, both internationally and in Singapore itself. Therefore, the company must create strong marketing presence and a dvertising know-how to make the business outperform competition step by step or service by service. Within the country, there are currently 29 hospitals that already provide health services to foreign travellers, with services being performed by over 7,000 physicians and 15,000 registered nurses (health-tourism.com, 2010). Because these hospitals already have contracts and/or relationships with other health tourism agents, there is a undischarged deal of marketing work that needs to be performed by the business to make it stand out and be the preferred agency for these profitable customer groups. This well-developed network of physicians and agencies can be quite risky to the business model and require competitive focus to ensure improved customer preferences for the company.U.S agencies operating in Singapore There are several U.S based medical tourism agencies, like Health Base Medical Tourism Agency, Planet Hospital, which are providing health tourism services in Singapore to pa tients of America. The companies are similar to each other only differing in the fact that they are tied up with different hospitals in different locations.U.S Agencies operating in other medical tourism countries These agencies are tied up with budding medical tourism countries such as India, Thailand, and so on Key players implicate World Med Assist, Indus health, Quest Tourism, Med Journeys, Med RetreatSWOT Analysis of Singapore MedToursStrengthWell trained staff with heavy focus on building customer relationship before and after their confirmation in Singapore.Creating an easy to use Website and employing advance Customer Relationship Software to attract and retain clients interested in Medical Tourism.Singapore is ranked 6th in world for the quality of health care provided by the World Health Organization (WHO).Medical tourists should not be able to witness chaotic events during their stay in comparison to the other Asian countries as Singapore is urbanized and clean country .JCI-certified hospitals and healthcare facilities are found in abundance throughout Singapore.English is one of Singapores official dialects.Though the cost of healthcare in Singapore is not as low as India or Thailand but they are still lower in comparison to Western Europe and the USA.WeaknessThe cost expenses in medical processes and treatments in Singapore are relatively high when compared to other Asian medical tourism countries like Thailand, Malaysia and India.The geographical location of Singapore is such that the climate is rather hot and humid which maybe a hindrance to the westerners especially during the post procedure and recovery stages.Accommodation, transportation and the cost of goods in Singapore is more expensive as compared to other Asian countriesThe travel times to Singapore are considerably very lengthy for the US medical patients.OpportunitiesWorld-class tourism service industry present in Singapore can help in recruiting exceed talent for the Medical Touri sm.High market Growth Healthcare services from countries with aging population increasingly seek medical tourism.U.S. workforce is seen to be increasing more in context to globalisationLow-cost global air travel had made Singapore all the more accessible for inbound patients.Employers and health plans targeting commercial populations have become pass judgment of the various benefit of medical tourism.ThreatsThere is seen to be fierce competition posed by other Asian medical tourism countries like Malaysia, India and Thailand.Popularity of Medical Tourism may encourage more competition to open business in Singapore.New technological breakthroughs can make previously very expensive healthcare affordable in the clients home country.Global endemic outbreaks like H1N1, SARS, and Bird-flu etc in western countries can inhibit travel of foreign travellers to Singapore as government may impose restrictions.Source Author3.4 Estimated Market ShareIn order to estimate the market share few of the assumptions has been taken into scotchThat the rate of people seeking foreign medical services continues to grow at the same pace, with 1 million people entering Singapore in 2012 for this purpose.Very High volume of competition present in the country.Based on the above two considerations the firm is taking the minimum target of just 0.1% Market share, i.e., 1000 customers for the 1st year which it plans to grow to 1,500 in 2nd year and by 2013 the target is to reach 2,000 customers. The firm believes that this extremely low market share can be easily achievable by utilizing good marketing and promotion strategy and following best practices in the business.3.5 Market strategyPositioningMedTours intends to work on a clear positioning statement of Quality, You can be Assured off which encourages customers to have complete faith in the company. The company will position itself as a reliable and friendly agency with utmost importance given to customer safety. The point of differen ce which separates the company from its competitors is the Quality Guarantee what the company provides and the idea of personalization of medical tours. This will help the company stay competitive while being positioned as a severalize medical tourism agency.To be able to live up to the positioning the company will tie up with best in class hospitals and service providers with highest priority given to details of service dimensions. The company will purchase advanced CRM systems to improve overall delivery of customer services.The business will use, as one, marketing strategy, advanced training for its employees related to customer service to make the short encounter with the company one that is remembered and would help in creating good grapevine publicity.ProductSingapore MedTours will offer best of the medical services present in the Singapore by getting tie-ups with world-class hospitals of Singapore. Specific focus will be made on JCI-Accredited (Joint Commission Internationa l) hospitals like Alexandra Hospital, Changi General Hospital, Raffles Hospital, Parkway Group etc so that inbound patients from US and other countries are assured that they are getting best quality service in a very safe environment.Services Offered By Singapore MedToursThe following are the exact nature of services being offered by Singapore MedTours. Personalpreferences of patients would be given priority to select best hospitals and doctors.Source Author home plateSingapore MedTours will have a dedicated well-furnished military post from where its entire staff can operate. Also in this office the customers would be received beginning and will be given initial briefing about the Medical Services they would be going through as well as world-wide information about Singapore, its culture, famous tourist attraction etc. The main purpose of the office would be to make sure customers have one single easily identifiable and approachable location from where they could satisfy all their queries and solve their problems during their stay in Singapore.PromotionApproximately 78 percent of all medical travellers use the World Wide Web as their first choice for booking medical tourism (medicaltourism.com, 2010). Because of this high volume, market strategy will include a strong Internet presence that will require the expertise of information technology specialists to give the business a colourful, interactive and engaging online booking experience. The majority of the business will likely come from Internet exploration, and so the budget must be allocated to a web design that outperforms competition and has the demand information to make Singapore MedTours their first choice in booking their travel needs.The first publication of choice to improve visibility and awareness in customer groups will be the Medical Tourism Magazine, a bi-monthly publication that is distributed in a variety of international countries. Costs for these ads are $4000 for a full page ad and $20 00 for a half page ad (medicaltourismassociation.com, 2010). This is a respected and well established advertising publication that will give Singapore MedTours better marketing presence. The company will purchase half page ads several times yearly to update its literature based on consumer research and success with other marketing formats.Additionally, web-based advertising will be part of the ad strategy that includes links to visit our business website on partnership or contract agreements with different hospitals, travel agencies, and physician websites. The goal of this rather inexpensive advertising method is to simply give the company more ad presence and ensure budget needs are met. Since most customers will not visit the business location prior to making their travel needs, web presence is vital to building higher profit and consumer demand.3.6 PricingCost of Medical Treatment in SingaporeIf the procedure would cost $6000 in the U.S. financial savings might not be realized b y the patients even if the same surgery costs $1500 in other country. By the time the airfare, accommodation and stay charges are covered patients may only realize a break-even scenario (Med Retreat, 2010). Hence with careful consideration the following procedures would be offered by Singapore MedTours.Comparison of cost between Medical procedures in USA and SingaporeSource http//www.health-tourism.com/singapore-medical-tourism/Although the industry standard is 15% (See Appendix X) for each referral to the hospital by an agency but the firm would initially keep the commission fee at minimum 12% in order to gain competitive edge while start-up. This also aligns with our market survey where cost saving has been attributed as most important consideration for the customers.PeopleSince this is highly service-oriented industry and the mission of Singapore MedTours is to have best customer experience as possible, so Singapore MedTours will make sure that it will hire competitive employees. Furthermore sufficient training would be given so as and when needed in order to cope up with market demands and competition. Lastly special packages and policies will be design to return and retain the best employees of the firm.ProcessProcess is extremely important part of any Service-oriented industry. Hence Singapore MedTours will make sure that its process is as efficient and as customer-friendly possible. Quality Control would be done regularly to identify and improve any bottlenecks and promote the best practices.Reviewing and Approving Online Membership Forms erstwhile an application is filled, detailed information based on the customer requirement will be provided allowing customers to make an informed decision.Assignment of an U.S Consultant to the patient The advisor would cater to patients medical needs by designing a health tour plan.Informing the Medical Doctor By sending digital copies of clients medical transcripts to the affiliated doctors for their approval to r eceive patient.Arranging for a Facilitating interaction between the Client and Surgeon The process will be coordinated via email, teleconference etc. in this stage.Collection of Expectations Form and Desired Travel Dates To plan for exact tour plan.Checking Hotel Reservation at desired dates The information will be obtained in this stage in order to be able to provide price quotations to the clients.Submitting the final price quotation for the health tour to the client This is to avoid any further confusion and also to provide relevant information to the client.Deposit of necessary funds for health tour by client into Singapore MedTours bank account.These next few processes occur simultaneouslyFinalize Clients medical consultation and surgery dates with the preferred doctor and hospital.Assisting clients in acquisition Passport/Visa password clients Air Travel Itinerary which best suits their preferences.Reservation of accommodation for clientSending the booked travel and hospital i nformation back to client direct the client will make the trip from his or her own country to host country (Singapore).Assigning Destination Program Manager (DPM) to the client Upon arriver of client in Singapore a DPM will be assigned permanently to client and the person will be their Personal assistant throughout the visit. This person will accompany the client to all their doctors appointments and medical treatments.Arranging for Pre-Surgery consultation with the sawbones This process would be completed within 24 hours of clients arrival. The surgeon would review medical transcripts and tests to ensure that procedure can be performed on the specified dates.Assistance to client during surgical procedure and post surgery retrieval After the client would be discharged from the hospital they would be accommodated in resort or hotel to begin recuperation process.Arranging for Post treatment vacation After obtaining an authorization letter from surgeon, an enjoying vacation would be arranged for in Singapore.Assisting for Safe Return home of the clients At the end of the tour the client will be send back to home country and the assigned US consultant would assist in any post-medical needs.4.0 OperationsOperational aspects of how the business is managed and coordinate will be key to its success.4.1 Identify locationThe main requirements of indentifying the location for our business are Low cost per square feet, large pedestrian volume and easy access to transportation (Abrams Kleiner 2003, pp67-68). Thus, after searching on the internet and checking the reality of the information with the agent, following address can be an alternative to the location of our business.Sourcehttp//www.singaporeexpats.com/housing-in-singapore/singapore-property/code4349017-commercial-industrial-buy-FRONTIER.htmThis location, compared with other places, satisfies the above requirements. The charge for buying this office is expected at around 570,000 SGD, and by using the yellow li ne MRT routine, the dense population of UBI become bigger and bigger. Also two MRT stations (Tai Seng and Macpherson) are very near to the location (gothere.com). The business prefers to buy the office instead of renting because in 3-4 years time the amount of rent paid would be equal to the total value of the office and since Singapore MedTours is looking for long term viability of the business hence it is buying the office.Source http//www.gothere.sg/mapsq52%20ubi%20avenue%2034.3 ZoningVarious Districts of SingaporeSource http//www.propertyhub.com.sg/images/M_images/singapore_district_map.jpgThe Zoning of the office was carefully selected while keeping the following considerationsThe office should have as low as possible per square feet cost.It should be present in or near the heart of the city.Also the office should be near the Changi International Airport.The current identified location of the office is in district 14 which is quite near the Central Districts 6 12 of the Singap ore. simultaneously the location is near the District 17 in which the Changi Airport is located. It is very important for the office to be near airport as majority of its firms clients would be international medical tourists who would be arriving via air-travel.4.4 TaxesThe low tax rates and positive and encouraging business policies give Singapore a reputation of attracting FDI. The taxes in Singapore are much lower than most others developed countries and regions (Asia Biz). Whats more, the tax rates have continued to decline significantly over the years (Appendix 2). Therefore, from the tax perspective, Singapore is an attractive nation to do the business. Overall, to our service business, the following kinds of taxes are needed to be considered before starting the businessIncome TaxThe amount of Income Tax is based on the income of our companies, and according to Appendix 1, the income tax rate is 17% and as a new start business, some partial tax exemption will be applicable to us.Goods Services TaxGST, also known as VAT, is a broad-based consumption tax levied on theimport of goods, as well as nearly all supplies of goods and services in Singapore. And the rate of GST is 7% (IRAS 2008). Only the sales and leases of properties and financial services need not to pay GST. Therefore, our company needs to pay 7% GST.Stamp DutiesStamp duty is a tax on executed documents relating to properties or interest in properties and shares or interest in shares. Documents such as a lease, sale and purchase, or mortgage of property need to pay stamp duties (Appendix 3). Thus, our company needs to pay this kind of tax.4.5 proximity to suppliesThere will be little concern over supply chain issues because of the quality distribution system that exists in Singapore. But also, the business will only need access to marketing literature and internal office/software support systems that can be easily procured with its renowned infrastructure for these tools. If the need arises f or additional supplies, there are 3,000 logistics and supply chain companies operating in Singapore to assist with these needs at no risk to the business (worldcustomsjournal.org, 2007). any supplies needs can be easily satisfied.4.6 Access of transportationSingapore has a well developed transportation network consisting of Metro Rail jinx (MRT) systems, Bus systems and Taxi Services that are all air conditioned.As it can be found in the location map, the location of our company near to two MRT stations, which provides convenience to our customers to reach our company. The mass rapid transit system in place is comprehensive and connects to almost all parts of the country (Lim, 2008). It is also considered among the best in the world (app.www.sg, 2009). Also with one of the world best airports, Changi International, the access of transportation to other nations is unobstructed (Changi). Transport is no risk to the business and can sustain all traveller needs.5.0 Management5.1 Manag ement Team and Key PersonnelSingapore MedTours being a private business therefore Management team would initially be comprises of the primary investors of the organization. The following will be the structure of the Management TeamSource AuthorDeep Kamal Agarwal (CEO / fiscal Director) Deep Kamal Agarwal is successful Information Engineer from an Internationally Accredited College in India. His both parents are respected doctor with over 25 years of experience and hence he has natural affinity and knowledge about the Medical Service Industry. He posses 2 years industry experience as an usable manager in Sunrise Naturopathy Health Resort in India. His forte lies in encountering any business problem and working out prompt outcome for it. He believes in holistic business approach and is critical person for the firm to provide vision

Telecommunications And Network Management Information Technology Essay

telecommunications And Net prep ar centering culture Technology EssayManaging the resources like tuition Technology, Telecommunications and Network focal point is aforementioned(prenominal) as like building a home. The more work you take part and the more work you pee-pee to be finished. The people who argon destroying bathnot fix the works of plumbing and electrical works. So you should go for contractor to direct, watch and manage the whole project.The above condition is aforesaid(prenominal) for the IT physical compositions. So, the constitution must have a contractor or supervisor to manage all its precaution functions within it. The contractors or supervisors to manage the net profit wariness functions within musical arrangement atomic number 18 FCAPS and ITIL (Information Technology solicitude).This paper of importly explains about the cloths or stickers FCAPS and ITIL, their Life cycles and excessively their reliable services and in addition explained bri efly about the TMN Model. The good luck, Configuration, Accounting, Performance and protection department forethoughts are commonly cognise as FCAPS. FCAPS is a prototype moreover not a product and it is developed by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) and FCAPS is migrating its managements from activated state to proactive state. And in any case explains detailed description about Information Technology root Library (ITIL) and their reliable services. ITIL provided services for the IT organisations to meet their business want needs and goals and it has set of better practices for managing IT work heed. IT plays very important role in the organizations business processes. ITIL put the organisations business process goals in a identify and providing measurement process for those goals.However on that point are lot of confusions in the IT Organizations about these frameworks (FCAPS and ITIL). Some of the professional think that they are alternate approache s to reach the same goal. But or so other professionals think that they are mutually exclusive. There are lot more confusions and comparisons about these frameworks. But now many of the IT Organizations are adopting ITIL because of greater flexibilities of their services.KeywordsFCAPS, ITIL, ITIL emoluments and Information Technology proceeds Management (ITSM), TMN, ITU.IntroductionThe net income management is used to maintain the large number of meshs, and those are oft in the countrys such as telecommunications and computers. The earnings management is mainly executes the functions such as warranter, deployment, monitoring, controlling, allocating, coordination and planning.Why Network Management Models?The network management is very embarrass to implement. So, in order to work the total network management perfectly we are breaking prevail over network functions into the smaller chunks. By implementing these smaller chunks we preserve get the total management of the ne tworks. For implementing all the network management functions we are apply the network models. Those areTMN (Telecommunications Management Network)FCAPS (Fault, Configuration, Accounting, Performance, Security Management)ITIL (Information Technology Infrastructure Library) any these models mainly involved in the business management in IT (Information Technology) organization and providing reliable or robust information infrastructure services to it is a main criteria of the network models. Many multinational companies considering these network models in top 10 position but they are not giving top position. But the fire thing is that some of the companies are not giving priority for these network Models for their business management. So, by this effect the companies are providing their services to customers below 20% and also the delivered products also not working more than 3 years. So the companies need to follow the Network Models for providing robust and reliable services to th e clients and employees.FCAPS Model is running efficiently with TMN layer but more is needed from this or extra version of this model. And below explained more details about the network models.TMN (Telecommunications Management Network) ModelTMN is Telecommunication Management Network. The standard model was first developed by ITU-T (International Telecommunication Union- Telecommunications) in the year of 1993 and was updated in the year 1996. ITU-T recommended this model as a framework where service providers provide their services to deliver to the networks. It has provided form architecture for different directs of abstraction. The layered architecture as belowBML-Business Management floorSML- aid Management LayerNML-Network Management LayerEML-Element Management LayerThe above layered architecture is the TMN logical layered architecture. By using this layered model architecture we dope understand clearly how the IT go depend on the network layers for their business needs and for better performance.FCAPS (Fault, Configuration, Accounting, Performance, Security) ModelFCAPS was developed by the ITU-T in addition to the TMN layered architecture in the year of 1997. FCAPS is a model but not a product. The ITU-T initially developed this model for assisting how to manage telecommunication networks. It was also an ISO (International Organization for Standardization) model for the network management. The FCAPS framework is also called as Open System Interconnect (OSI) Network Management Model for network management implementations. This works base on TMN Layer and performs their functionality at each and every stage of TMN architecture layer.FCAPS Management The Standard ModelFCAPS management depends on OSI (Open System Interconnect). The OSI specifies five reveal areas which are under the FCAPS model. Those are Fault Management, Configuration Management, Accounting Management, Performance Management, and Security Management.F-Fault ManagementC- Configurat ion ManagementA- Accounting ManagementP- Performance ManagementS- Security ManagementFault Management (F)In this functional area it is used as analysis of alarms and faults in the network. The network has ability to identify and sequester difficultys and providing information to appropriate person whom to deal with the problems. In this the network is always in a running status and the downtime is minimized. The Fault management is the well known area of the network management. oft Functionalities of Fault Management are Fault detection, clear correction, fault correction, network rec everyplacey, fault isolation, alarm handling, alarm filtering, alarm generation, diagnostic test, error logging, error handling and error statistics.EX ciscoWorks LMS (LAN Management Solution) Device Fault Manager (DFM).CiscoWorks LMS (LAN Management Solution) Device Centre for troubleshooting.Configuration Management (C)In the strain management functional area the network is controlled and moni tored and maintaining the status of the networks. Installing vernal components against the old components and maintained carefully by managing, recording and performing. In this area the main operations are routing tables, serve up set identifier assignment, IP addressing scheme and maintain the information on the devices. One of the most important things a network manager toilette maintain a good network health by managing the device configurations. much functionalities of Configuration Management are vision initialization, network provisioning, auto discovery, backup and restore, resource shut down, change management, pre-provisioning, inventory management, copy configuration, remote configuration, job initiation and automated software distribution.EX CiscoWorks LMS (LAN Management Solution) resource Manager Essential (RME).LMS Campus Manager.LMS Cisco View.Accounting Management (A)The accounting management take aim is also called as allocation level. In this the network manager gathers the substance ab drug user usage statistics and allocation of constitutes associated with the bills per time and providing services by the devices. One more privilege of accounting management is that allows actions of users and better use of available resources.More functionalities of accounting management are supporting for different modes of accounting, audits, set quotes for usage, tracking the service, toll of the service, accounting limit, combine personify for more devices, fraud reporting.EX Cisco Access Control Server (ACS) combined with LMS (LAN Management Solution) and NCM (Network Configuration Management).Performance Management (P)The performance of the networks depends upon the quality of networks and system statistics (Configurations). For better performance, the network collects the selective information, maintaining the proper custom of data, free from errors, maintaining the response time when the data is tracked and finally availability of data. Performance management is as simple as monitoring CPU and also as complex as end to end application monitoring.More functionalities of Performance Management are consistent performance level, performance data generation, and problem reporting, performance data collection, and static collection, performance data analysis, capacity planning and examining historical logs.EX CiscoWorks LMS (LAN Management Solution) Internet Performance Monitor (IPM).LMS Device Fault Manager (DFM).Security Management (S)The Security Management functional area defines the process and procedures for network security by protecting the network from hackers and unauthorised users. We should have to hide the information to the unknown users possibly. The network administrator can control individual user what he can do and what he cannot do with the system.More functionalities of Security Management are resource access, data privacy, access logs, enable NE functions, user access rights checking, security alar m for event reporting, takes care of security, security audit trail log and security related information distribution.EX Cisco Access Control Server (ACS). LMS depends on the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), transparent Network Management Protocol (SNMP) and other security Audits.Where does FCAPS fit?All the managements under the FCAPS are applicable to manage the applications. But managing the application is not same that managing a network. The applications have a set of problems that are affected by the network.EX VoIP Management using FCAPSFCAPS model is applicable for the life cycle of VoIP / IPT (Voice over Internet Protocol / information Protocol Telephony). But dont think this model is only applicable for the VoIP. VoIP is a application but not a network. This is also applicable in four stages of IT project life cycle. Those are planning, conniving, deployment and in operational.FCAPS on other IT dosFor all key factors of FCAPS framework has provided prolonged functionalities . The extended functionalities of FCAPS also called as ITEF (Information Technology increase Framework). The functionalities provided in the FCAPS are developed independent of operating system and any application type. Those functionalities can work in any operating system, any applications types and support for different types of IT services.The extended functionalities for FCAPS on IT services are like a tree view structure so the consumer easily navigate to detailed level if he needed. The structure of FCAPS functionalities are given below.The extended functionalities provided by the FCAPS are used in different types of organizations specially for the IT Services. The IT service document mainly describes the category of coverage and individual services described in the IT management.EX Change Management in Configuration ManagementThe change management is the extended functionality under the configuration management. It is for the authorizing, recording, monitoring and reporting all the services to the Open System surround. The primary responsibilities provided in the change management system areAuditable mechanism for handling all changes within the integrated management system.Review process for all authorising changes.Process for all changes tested and validated.Creating a mechanism for review change for not authorised from the change management process.ITSM (Information Technology Service Model)The IT Service Model is providing very important roles for the ITEF (Information Technology Extended Framework). The main structure of IT Service Model as belowFault ManagementBackup RecoveryDisaster RecoveryUser data restitutionPolicyChargeback Service LevelsProceduresEscalation Service RequestThis ITSM (Information Technology Service Model) can be implemented in all the platforms to prepare the Service Level descriptions and to create SLAs (Service Level Agreements) between the IT resource provider organizations and the end-user consumer organizations.The b elow example explains the sample Service Level Description of IT Service user data backup can be used as a guideline and should be modified and compatible to local data centre policies and conventions.Service Name User data backupSchedule of the Service Maintenance Window Task.Service LevelsMission Critical LevelThe user data forget be stored in the commutation management backup system where data ordain be stored in daily based services. So, we can get the data backup from the central management system. They will be charge you for getting the user data to back.Charge for backup data in Mission Critical levelThe cost will be 1000$ + 8$ per 100 GB capacity of data per one month.Business Critical LevelIn the business critical level the user data will be stored in to the central management backup system on weekly basis and daily incremental services. The cost will be quite less when compared to the mission critical level.Charge for backup data in Business critical levelThe cost will b e 500 + 60$ per 100GB capacity of data per a one month.Business Support LevelIn the business support level the user data will be store in to the local attached file system on weekly basis and daily incremental basis. The cost will be very low compared to the mission critical and business critical levels.Charge for backup data in Business Support levelThe cost will be 200$ + 40$ per 100GB capacity of data per a one month.Applying ITIL (Information Technology Infrastructure Library)While FCAPS is a great model to defining and understanding of the Network Management objectives, and another framework come in for giving best services for network management with the alignment of present-day(prenominal) IT organization structure and expands to the FCAPS framework Model. That is ITIL (Information Technology Infrastructure Library).The Central Computer and Telecommunications Agency (CCTA) from United Kingdom created the ITIL in the year of 1978 to grown up the Information Technology to meet the business needs and goals. This is developed by the experienced and talented people in the UK and by the practitioners in worldwide. The IBM Company is using the ITIL libraries for the best practices and then the official versions of the ITIL beginning to release. The latest version is ITIL v3 which was released in the year of 2007. This ITIL is customizable framework for giving quality services and avoiding some faults in the current Information Technology. The ITIL can be used for better IT Service independent of type and size of the organization, multinational or Region Company, centralised or decentralised IT provision, an IT caller-up with only one employee.The ITIL (IT Infrastructure Library) has seven steps to implement. Those are Service Support, Service Delivery, and Planning to implement Service Management, Information and Communication Technology Infrastructure Management, Application Management, Security Management and the business prospective. The main component of ITSM (Information Technology Service Management) is divided into following different sections. Those areITIL Service DeliveryITIL Service SupportITIL Security ManagementITIL Information Communications Technology (ICT) Infrastructure ManagementITIL Application ManagementITIL Software summation ManagementThe Business Prospective.ITIL Service DeliveryThe Service Delivery is the key factor in providing the services over the network and should be able to deliver consistently. And it is also used for managing the IT Services and involvement of number of IT Service management practices agreed between the service provider and the customer.Service Delivery has 5 disciplines. Those areService Level ManagementCapacity ManagementContinuity ManagementAvailability ManagementIT Financial ManagementThe Service Level Management is mainly concentrates on the monitoring and naming of IT services provided in the SLAs (Service Level Agreements). It is also used to provide arrangements with the extern al service suppliers and the internal service providers in the form of an OLAs (Operational Level Agreements).Responsibility of Service Level Management is to take care of agreed IT services to supply to the appropriate persons or organizations within the time management.The Capacity Management is defending the cost effective and the best IT services by stand bying the organizations in order to match their business needs.The activities of Capacity Management are Workload Management, Capacity Planning, Resource Management, Performance Management, Modelling, Demand Managements and Application Size.The Continuity Management is supports the proactive measurement of IT Service. It easily identifies the error before get to process so that collide withs the IT Service can in continuous way.The Responsibility of Continuity Management is performing the risk management to identify threats, assets for each IT Service and also able to give plectrons of the find the IT Service.The Availabili ty Management is targets the industries or organizations should check out the availability of IT Services with low cost to run the organization in a perfect way.The operation of the Availability Management is mainly concentrates on reliability, Serviceability, Resilience, Security and maintainability of the IT Services.The Finance Management is ensuring that the infrastructure of the IT Organization is cost effective. We used to calculating the cost of the IT services often so that we can estimate the cost of the IT services in the organization. We can recover the costs by providing the customer services to the customers.ITIL Service SupportITIL Service Support is the most typical Network Operation Centre (NOC) in all organizations. This is mainly concentrates on applications those are required by the end users. The operations are troubleshooting, supporting new applications over the network and help desk. The best practice of those Service Delivery disciplines that is used to ena ble the IT services to work effectively. ITIL Service Support has 6 disciplines. Those areConfiguration ManagementIncident ManagementProblem ManagementChange ManagementService / Help DeskRelease Management.In the above disciplines the Problem Management identifying the applications which have some faults and giving troubleshooting speciality of those applications to run perfectly and also solves performance problems in the environment. To solve the problems in the network environment by troubleshooting you will be having good understanding of networks and their configurations are required. We can get those configurations by using another discipline using configuration management for this we have to refer configuration management database. The change management is involves with the both problem management and configuration management. If the management has made problems with the infrastructure so definitely in that respect will be changes with the configuration then some problem ra ised with the configuration. The service will be help full in implementing other factors like PC to client PC installations and implementation and designing of networks and some other duties.The total 11 ITIL disciplines are used for reducing the costs, to work operations effectively, and for better alignment of IT and business needs and goals.ITIL Security ManagementThe most important key role for the network management is the security. The external hackers or threats access data through firewalls and based on access permissions. We can gain the security by using proper configuration of network rights and permissions to the users that make the unauthorised users cannot access the data from end users.ITIL Infrastructure ManagementThe Infrastructure Management is concentrates on installations and configurations of network designs in the organizations. Generally in the big organizations the designing and troubleshooting of networks are treated as separate entity than the installation equipment. So that is the reason for IT organizations required accurate configurations.ITIL Application ManagementThe application management is mainly severe on whether the application is able to configure and design to implement in the organization environment or not. Some applications are giving late signals and not providing some other links in it. So this maintains the proper application providing suitable services delivered to the end users.ITIL Software Asset ManagementThe ITIL Software Asset Management is requisite for every organization. This is mainly deals with the installation steps for software, their license periods and also giving some partial configuration of that particular software. It gives so much information before going to install software and also providing in how many instances a software can install in a drive. This is essential for a big or small organization to run IT operations. So, this is very important for the network management.In the version ITIL v2 only two developed modules of Service support for IT Services and Service Delivery of IT Services are included. But in the next and the latest version ITIL v3 has included lot of modules which will help to increase the efficiency of IT Services and their business needs. Even though it has included lot of services to increase the IT standards to the top level but some disadvantages are there to decrease the services.Comparisons of FCAPS and ITIL frameworksIf we understand both FCPAS and ITIL frameworks that are overlapped with some concepts while addressing. In both the frameworks, they have completed their stages which are not associated with the specific instance. initially the FCAPS model is mainly concentrates on the different types of management levels with the help of TMN layered network model. But another important framework ITIL is mainly concentrates on the IT Organization to run efficiently with the help of their suitable services.There are lot of advantages and inconsider able disadvantages in both of the frameworks. Still the professionals have confusion about what to inauguration? And which framework is suitable for their organization? Now International Organizations are adopting the ITIL frameworks within the organization for great success of their services and much more savings of money while operating it.Why ITIL and Why not FCAPSInitially all the international organizations using the FCAPS model and later on it was dominated and get down by the latest model that is ITIL.Now every Organization looking to implement the new things within the money management, and they have observed that ITIL is the better option to reduce their expenses when compared to FCAPS model. So, this is one of the key successes of ITIL.One more factor supports the ITIL, ITIL is used to manage and organize different IT deportments of problems at a time with one all-around(prenominal) volume. Where as in FCAPS we have consider the deportment separately and recovered from t he problems.Another factor that let down the FCAPS service is that in the traditional environment of FCAPS model is a wired network with clear description of hierarchical architecture with deterministic behaviour of end points. Unlike WLANs (Wireless Local Area Networks), there are some factors effecting the wired network environment. But on the other side wireless networks which rules the world and many factors effect on it. By using wireless based networks they can change dynamically IP (Internet Protocol) address, location and status of their connectivity. But the dynamic nature of Clients connectivity is not a fault there is no client specific management in the FCAPS. FCAPS is a useful tool and this can be used in the traditional environment but cannot be used in the wireless related networks.Another beef of FCAPS that will tells you if there is a problem raised in the services of network management but it wont tell the address of the problem, how to repair it and how to resolve complex situation at the same time.ITIL has gained the tremendous success when it was executed in different organisations under different circumstances in different parts of the world.Even though ITIL has lot of advantages for IT Management but there are some inconsiderable disadvantages that are raised by the IT professionals. ITIL is comprehensive to implement the IT Management. The publications of ITIL are also saying that it is not holistic to implement IT.Another disadvantage raised by the IT Professionals that is even though ITIL is mostly accepted by the IT Managers for business needs this led to skip some of the pragmatic solutions for their business needs and this is unacceptable.The FCAPS model can handle fault and configuration management perfectly but the organizations depend on other tools to implement security related issues. The ITIL deals total managements including security clearly.ConclusionNMRU is Network Management R Us is prestigious company in the UK. All Netw ork Management companies must follow the network management models like TMN, FCAPS and ITIL for better performance, security, identifying and solving future network problems. The company currently NMRU using the FCAPS model and this model usually layered with TMN. There are new features arrived in the UK Public Sector and now wanted to migrate to the Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL).

Solutions to Gang Violence in Society Essay -- Gang Violence Crimes Vi

Gang violence is a major problem in our society today. If nothing is done soon, gang violence could take place in our neighborhoods. MW Klein, a gang researcher, says that gangs argon an aggregation of youths who perceive themselves as distinct, and that are viewed as distinct by the community. Klein also states that the gangs call forth a consistently negative image of themselves through their actions (Klein). To those involved in gangs however, gang social station provided a youth means of attempting to consolidate their gender identities (Douglas). Most of the early American way gangs have historically been ethnically based. Early gangs were mainly Irish, Polish, or Italian (Klein). Communities all over deal with gang violence. Criminologist and crime writer John E. Douglas, explained how the propagation of passageway gangs in America and the violence associated with them is disturbing. He mentioned that street gangs have a presence in 94 percent of all the U.S. cities with populations greater than 100,000 (Klein). A number of studies have been conducted dealing with gang violence passim the world. One particular study in Chicago showed that five percent of elementary school children were affiliated with street gang, as well as 35 percent of high school dropouts (Klein). Elizabeth Van Ella of the Chicago Crime Commission, explained that in Chicago alone, 65,000 documented gang members account for 48 percent of the crime. A mass of the members thrive in business as a way to cover up their schemes (Hutson). They flourish in retail sales, computer sales, hospitals, office buildings, schools, transportation, and security firms. Practically, anywhere that provides a cover for laundering money, and easy mobility (Hutson). Klein explains that another place that has been greatly affected is Los Angeles. Los Angeles has over 950 different gangs with more than 100,000 members. They are not just extra to inner-city ghettos, but are active in over 800 cit ies nation wide. Overall, nearly 100 cities with populations less then 10,000 report active street gangs (Klein). Many stereotypes of gangs have been fabricated. The problem is that a majority of gang members do not fit these stereotypes, which, in turn, makes it hard for the to be caught (Klein). Traditionally they organize their root word around a specific neighborhood, school or housing projec... ...versity Press. Fall 1995. General bring up Center Gold. 21 Jan 2007Loeber R., and D.P. Farrington. Serious and violent juvenile offenders chance factors and successful interventions. Thousand Oaks. 1998. First Search. Feb 2007Otero, Juan. Curbing street gang violence, National League of Cities. 21 Dec 1998. General Reference Center Gold. Jan 2007Pfeiffer, Christian. A throne apart. New Statesman. 2 Aug 1999. General Reference Center Gold. Mar 2007Singer, Merrill. Drugs, violence and moral panic in urban America, American Anthropologist. Mar 1998. First Search. Feb 2007Synder, Scott. plastic film portrayals of juvenile delinquency part IISociology and psychology, Adolescence. Summer 1995. First Search. Feb 2007Walker, Hill M. et al., The path to school failure, delinquency, and violence Casual factors and some potential solutions, Intervention in School and Clinic. Nov 1999. First Search. Feb 2007Witt, Peter A. and Joni E. Baker. Making A R.E.A.L. Difference, Parks and Recreation. Mar 1999. General Reference Center Gold. Jan 2007Wittmeier, Carmen. Still no confession, but, Alberta Report. Aug 1999. General Reference Center Gold. Feb 2007

Nestle: Operating in a Global Economy Essay -- strategic management ca

nose is a large company with over 150 years of history. The company deals with globular production and competes around the gentleman in an effort to achieve steady growth and profit. Competing in the global economy requires dealing with many challenges to meet production goals and market products to different cultures. nest also markets to third world countries that need nutritious food at a reasonable price. The company is a market leader in legion(predicate) product lines that have provided a solid foundation for sales and profit. clutch has strong brand recognition that provides a competitive advantage to get into fresh markets and expand in existing markets. Operating in the global market means embracing numerous opportunities while avoiding various threats. The strategic management Nestle exhibited serves as an excellent case study in operate in a global economy. History The Nestle company traces its roots back to 1866 when Henri Nestle began searching for a healthy and economical alternative for mothers who were unable to breast feed their childs. Nestles first customer was a premature infant that could not tolerate the mothers milk or any other substitutes available at the time (Nestle). The new product saved the babies life and people quickly recognized the value of the new product. By 1900, the company expanded to other products including powdered soup, bouillon cubes, sauces and flavorings. Through the early 1900s, production expanded and factories were operating in the United States, Britain, Germany and Spain. In 1904, Nestle added chocolate to its product line by reaching an agreement with the Swiss General Chocolate Company. The company proceed to expand and began manufacturing in Australia and e... ...nclusion Nestle is a market leading company and serves as an excellent case study for illustrating strategic management in the global economy. The companies roots go all the way back to 1866 and the established history have created a strong company tested by the ups and downs of the world economy. Establishing a strong market base and vision for health and nutrition provide Nestle a positive reputation. The company has weathered two world wars and has keep to refine the corporate strategy. This flexibility and adaptability have enabled steady growth and success through these changing market conditions. Nestle can continue this success by establishing new markets and creating new products. In particular, continuing research and development to expand health and nutrition focused products will facilitate the ability to achieve above-average returns.